以用户为中心的新产品开发方法研究与应用

发布时间：2018-03-03 03:00

本文选题：以用户为中心　切入点：新产品开发　出处：《清华大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济与技术的迅速发展，产品同质化已经成为顾客和企业不得不面对的难题。在全球化竞争不断加剧的同时，企业也越来越重视新产品的开发，以提高市场份额和盈利。在新产品开发的过程中，如何对富含价值的信息进行定位和转化存在很大的困难，处理不慎则有可能导致新产品开发的失败，因此存在较高的风险。以用户为中心的新产品开发致力于使产品设计能较好地满足顾客需求，从而提高新产品的竞争优势，降低失败的风险。在设计过程中，设计师需要对顾客需求进行清晰了解和定位，并提供合适的解决方案，将顾客需求和产品设计进行良好的对接。在传统的新产品开发流程中，常常使用质量机能展开的方法，以质量屋的形式将顾客需求转化为设计需求。为了提高度量的精确度，层次分析法可以用于确定用户需求的相对权重。但是，目前的相关研究均具有一定的局限性。首先，质量机能展开的初始数据往往来源于访谈、顾客投诉、甚至是设计小组人员的经验所得，这些定量的数据通常因主观且不精确而为人所诟病，因为对设计师而言用户的需求仍然是笼统和模糊的。其次，在运用层次分析法确定相对权重的过程中，往往没有考虑人在进行判断时的不确定性，或者考虑了不确定性，却无法保证成对对比矩阵的正反性。最后，大多数针对新产品开发的研究局限于原型开发这一步，而实际上新产品开发是一个迭代的过程，用户的反馈有利于检测现有产品的问题并进行相应的改善。本文提出了一种系统的以用户为中心的新产品开发流程方法。该方法将人物角色创建、层次分析法、质量机能展开和可用性测试进行了有机的整合。首先，通过基于模糊聚类的人物角色创建，，将用户的典型行为和动机进行识别和归纳；然后从人物角色模型中抽取用户需求的相关信息，并使用半模糊的层次分析法对需求的权重进行确认；通过质量机能展开的方法，可以将排序后的用户需求转化为可衡量的实际设计需求；最后，在产品原型开发完成后，使用基于场景的可用性测试方法评估产品的可用性，为产品的改善提供建议。上述的流程可以经过多次迭代，直到产品能更好地满足用户的需求，并有良好的可用性。最后，本文以深圳某公司的新型运动耳机设计项目为例，对本文所提出的以用户为中心的新产品开发流程进行了验证和说明。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and technology, product homogenization has become a difficult problem that customers and enterprises have to face. As the globalization competition intensifies, enterprises pay more and more attention to the development of new products. In order to increase market share and profit, it is very difficult to locate and transform the valuable information in the process of new product development, and careless treatment may lead to the failure of new product development, so there is a high risk. User-centered new product development aims at making product design better meet the needs of customers, thereby enhancing the competitive advantage of new products and reducing the risk of failure. Designers need to clearly understand and position customer needs and provide appropriate solutions to better match customer requirements with product design. In the traditional new product development process, the method of quality function expansion is often used to transform customer demand into design requirement in the form of quality room. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) can be used to determine the relative weight of user needs. First, the initial data for quality performance are often derived from interviews, customer complaints, and even the experience of design team personnel, which are often criticized for being subjective and imprecise. Second, the use of AHP to determine relative weights often does not take into account the uncertainty of the person in the judgment, or the uncertainty. Finally, most research on new product development is limited to this step of prototype development, when new product development is actually an iterative process. User feedback is helpful for detecting existing product problems and improving them accordingly. In this paper, a systematic user-centered new product development process method is proposed. The method integrates personas creation, AHP, quality function deployment and usability testing organically. By creating personas based on fuzzy clustering, the typical behavior and motivation of users are identified and induced, and the relevant information of user requirements is extracted from persona model. Using semi-fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to confirm the weight of demand; through the method of quality function expansion, we can transform the ordered user requirements into measurable actual design requirements; finally, after the product prototype development is completed, Using the scenario based usability test method to evaluate the usability of the product and provide suggestions for the improvement of the product. The above process can go through many iterations until the product can better meet the needs of the user and has good usability. Finally, taking the new sports headset design project of a company in Shenzhen as an example, this paper verifies and explains the user-centered new product development process proposed in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F426.63;F273.2

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