我国WCO制取生物柴油的成本与回收定价研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 23:33

本文选题：生物柴油　切入点：餐厨废弃油脂　出处：《南京航空航天大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着世界油价的增长，能源短缺问题日益突出，餐厨废弃油脂以其制取生物柴油的用途越来越受到企业的重视，然而我国企业在实际中却出现各种亏损情况。本文从食用油和餐厨垃圾两个角度，评估出我国每年约产生270~750万吨WCO，却只有三分之一进行了规模化利用，同时“十一五”期间生物柴油仅利用了50万吨，利用率不到一半。本文通过成本-利润-定价方法来解决生物柴油行业出现的WCO严重短缺、产能过剩的困境，以开发其巨大的潜力。本文将WCO制取生物柴油的全生命周期流程分为收购、生产和配送环节，对5万吨产能及20%利用率的生物柴油企业进行算例分析，得到TDP-FR模式、CTMI模式和TDR模式的LCC依次增加、利润依次降低甚至亏损，原料的到厂成本占总成本的63%~72%，较大影响的是行业化学试剂成本；当产能利用率低于20%、原材料的价格高于4275元/吨，，或者生物柴油的单价低于7027元/吨时，企业会出现亏损的情况。考虑了在无法律约束、有国家政策奖惩两种情况下，非法小作坊和生物柴油企业之间的Stackelberg博弈，得到国家对生物柴油企业的奖励至少为1943元/吨或对非法小作坊0.51倍的惩罚，而最好是对生物柴油企业奖励40倍（77720元/吨）时，即可达到约4470元/吨稳定的收购价格，同时生物柴油企业根据价格弹性来选择和回收商的地位，才能够使得生物柴油企业利于不败之地，消除餐厨废油回流餐桌的困扰。针对生命周期成本高达7000元/吨、国家奖惩对生物柴油的影响不够总结为餐厨废弃油脂的收运体系不完善、奖惩机制不完善、工艺技术基础薄弱三方面，本文对此提出了严厉打击非法竞争、完善废油收运体系，选择正确模式、增加财税支持，加大研发力度三点建议。
[Abstract]:With the increase of oil price in the world, the problem of energy shortage is becoming more and more serious, and the waste oils and fats of cooking and cooking are paid more and more attention to by enterprises for their use in making biodiesel. However, the enterprises in our country have all kinds of losses in practice. From the point of view of cooking oil and kitchen garbage, this paper estimates that about 270 ~ 7.5 million tons of WCOs are produced annually in our country, but only 1/3 of them are used on a large scale. At the same time, only 500000 tons of biodiesel has been used during the 11th Five-Year Plan, and the utilization rate is less than half. This paper uses the cost-profit pricing method to solve the serious shortage of WCO and overcapacity in the biodiesel industry. To exploit its enormous potential. In this paper, the whole life cycle process of WCO production of biodiesel is divided into acquisition, production and distribution, and an example of biodiesel enterprises with 50,000 ton capacity and 20% utilization ratio is analyzed. The results show that the LCC of TDP-FR mode and TDR mode increase in turn. The cost of raw materials to the factory accounts for 63% of the total cost, which greatly affects the cost of chemical reagents in the industry. When the utilization ratio of production capacity is lower than 20 yuan, the price of raw materials is more than 4275 yuan per ton. Or when the unit price of biodiesel is less than 7027 yuan / ton, the company will lose money. Taking into account the Stackelberg game between illegal small workshops and biodiesel enterprises in the absence of legal restrictions and under the circumstances of national policy rewards and punishments, the state awards to biodiesel enterprises are at least 1943 yuan per ton or 0.51 times the punishment for illegal small workshops. And it is best to reward biodiesel companies 40 times as much as 77720 yuan per ton), and they can reach a stable purchase price of about 4470 yuan per ton, while biodiesel companies select and reclaim their status according to price elasticity. Only then can make the biodiesel enterprise advantageous to the invincible position, eliminates the kitchen waste oil to return to the table trouble. The cost of life cycle is as high as 7000 yuan per ton. The effects of national rewards and punishments on biodiesel are not summarized in the following three aspects: the collection and transportation system of waste oils and fats for cooking and cooking is not perfect, the mechanism of rewards and punishments is not perfect, and the technological basis is weak. In this paper, three suggestions are put forward, such as cracking down on illegal competition, perfecting the system of collecting and transporting waste oil, choosing the correct mode, increasing financial and tax support, and increasing the intensity of R & D.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F406.7;F426.72;F713.2

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