煤电之争背景下发电集团经营策略研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 02:16

本文选题：煤电之争 + 电煤市场　；参考：《长沙理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：2002年火力发电用煤市场化改革以后，电煤价格持续大幅度上涨，火电企业经营困难甚至亏损，并导致电力供应短缺的现象被形象地称为“煤电之争”，理顺煤电价格关系也因此成为近年来政府经济体制改革的重点工作之一。本文从分析“煤电之争”的本质及其对发电企业和社会的影响入手，运用微观经济学市场均衡理论解释了“煤电之争”产生的根本原因。研究结果表明：电煤市场失灵即电煤供求不能随着市场均衡价格变化而调整从而形成价格稳定机制是电煤价格持续大幅度上涨并导致“煤电之争”的根本原因；“煤电之争”表面上是煤炭和电力行业（企业）之争，实际上却是政府经济社会目标与电价政策选择的内在冲突。我国电源结构以火电为主，考虑到火电企业经营困难对电力供应的消极影响，发电集团需要系统地制定经营策略来化解“煤电之争”对其造成的亏损。由于目前政府在处理“煤电之争”的政策上存在管制缺失，虽然先后颁布了一系列管制政策和措施，但始终无法从根本上化解煤电矛盾。因此本文将政府政策因素纳入到发电集团经营策略制定框架中来，将其作为发电集团经营策略制定的一个内生变量。发电集团首先应该从政府政策上入手给政府提出切实可行的政策建议。建议顺序采用以下三条：首先尽可能完善电煤市场；其次对电煤市场采取必要的管制措施；仍然不能解决的燃料成本增加则需要启动煤电价格联动机制。在政府政策合理的前提条件下，发电集团还需要从自身做文章，积极采取一些内部管理经营策略应对“煤电之争”，这些策略包括煤电联营、统一购煤、多元化经营以及优化电源结构等。这样形成了一套完整的发电集团化解“煤电之争”的经营策略体系，，不仅为我国发电集团从根本上扭转火电业务亏损提出了新的途径，同时也为解决“电荒”，保证电力工业安全供应提供了新的解决思路。
[Abstract]:After the market-oriented reform of coal for thermal power generation in 2002, the price of thermal coal continued to rise by a large margin, and the operation difficulties and even losses of thermal power enterprises, which led to the shortage of electricity supply, were vividly referred to as "the contention of coal and electricity".Therefore, straightening out the price relationship of coal and electricity has become one of the key tasks in the reform of government economic system in recent years.Based on the analysis of the essence of "the contention of coal and electricity" and its influence on the power generation enterprises and society, this paper explains the root cause of "the contention of coal and electricity" by using the market equilibrium theory of microeconomics.The results show that the failure of power coal market, that is, the supply and demand of power coal can not be adjusted with the change of market equilibrium price, thus forming the price stability mechanism is the fundamental reason for the price of thermal coal to continue to rise by a large margin and lead to the "coal power competition".On the surface, "the contention of coal and electricity" is the conflict between coal and power industry (enterprise), but in fact, it is the internal conflict between the economic and social goal of government and the policy choice of electricity price.The power supply structure of our country is dominated by thermal power. Considering the negative influence of power supply caused by the difficulties of thermal power enterprises, power generation groups need to formulate management strategies systematically to resolve the losses caused by "the contention of coal and electricity".Because of the lack of control in the policy of dealing with the "dispute over coal power", the government has promulgated a series of control policies and measures, but it has never been able to fundamentally resolve the contradiction between coal and electricity.Therefore, this paper takes the government policy factor into the framework of power generation group management strategy formulation, and regards it as an endogenous variable of generation group business strategy formulation.The power generation group should first put forward practical policy suggestions to the government from the government policy.It is suggested that the order should be as follows: first, to perfect the power coal market as far as possible; secondly, to take necessary control measures to the thermal coal market; the increase of fuel cost which can not be solved needs to start the coal-electricity price linkage mechanism.Under the premise of reasonable government policy, the power generation group also needs to actively adopt some internal management and management strategies to deal with the "coal and electricity disputes" from its own perspective. These strategies include coal and power joint ventures and unified coal purchase.Diversification and optimization of power supply structure.This has formed a complete business strategy system for power generation groups to resolve the "dispute over coal and electricity", which not only provides a new way for our power generation groups to fundamentally reverse the losses of thermal power business, but also solves the "electricity shortage".It provides a new solution to ensure the safe supply of electric power industry.
【学位授予单位】：长沙理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F274;F426.61

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