能源补贴的类型、效果和策略

发布时间：2018-04-29 05:28

本文选题：能源补贴 + 企业竞争力　；参考：《中外能源》2014年07期

【摘要】：为了扶持尚处于弱势地位的新的能源生产类型和新消费方式,为了帮助承担过重社会责任的企业,有时为了减轻消费者的负担等,往往以国家财政对能源生产、消费进行补贴。恰当的补贴可促进能源生产的创新,引导节能环保的能源消费方式,但过多过长时间的补贴会削弱企业的竞争力。有时为了争抢补贴一哄而上会造成产业畸形发展,使政府和企业陷入被动和困境。对能源消费的多种补贴如长期持续并不断增大,不但不利于节能,还将造成日趋增大的政府赤字,最终影响经济发展和社会稳定。建议能源补贴应向科技研发倾斜、向各类开拓创新的新领域倾斜,对领取补贴的能源生产要以最终商品量考核。补贴量不宜过大、时间不应过长,尽量减少现金补贴、多用减税减负等方法创造更好的经营环境。总之,补贴是一种政府干预市场的行为,应该慎重从事。政府要考虑的不仅是该不该补贴,还要注意补贴的方式、力度、时间以及防止权力寻租和企业骗补等问题。
[Abstract]:In order to support new energy production types and new consumption patterns that are still in the disadvantaged position, in order to help enterprises with heavy social responsibility, sometimes in order to reduce the burden of consumers, they often subsidize their energy production and consumption by the state finance. Appropriate subsidies can promote the innovation of energy production and guide the energy conservation and environmental protection. However, over a long period of subsidies will weaken the competitiveness of the enterprise. In the end, the economic development and social stability are affected. It is suggested that energy subsidies should be tilted to scientific and technological research and development, tilting to new fields of innovation and innovation, and assessment of the final commodity quantity for the production of subsidized energy. The amount of subsidies should not be too large, the time should not be too long, cash subsidies should be reduced as far as possible, and a better operating environment is created by reducing tax and reducing the burden. In short, subsidies are a kind of government intervention in the market, should be carefully engaged. The government should consider not only the subsidy, but also the way of subsidies, strength, time, and the prevention of power rent-seeking and business fraud and other issues.

【作者单位】：中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院;
【分类号】：F426.2;F812.45

【参考文献】