基于钻石模型的日本家电产业竞争力研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 05:35

本文选题：日本家电产业 + 钻石模型　；参考：《云南财经大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：过去几十年，日本家电产业在本国资源短缺的局限下，凭借着重视研发和精益生产在全世界攻城略地，创造了松下、索尼、日立、东芝等全球著名品牌，诞生了松下幸之助、盛田昭夫等大批实业英雄。日本家电产业不但赢得了世界市场，而且将自身的企业文化传播到世界各地。 2011年日本家电产业出现了全行业亏损，众多知名公司“断臂求生”。实际上日本家电产业早有衰落之势，从90年代开始其市场份额逐渐被韩国和中国的同行蚕食。如今日本家电产业在白色家电领域全面溃败，黑色家电领域电视机行业亏损严重、尾大不掉，消费类电子领域创新退化、市场需求疲软，只有在半导体和电子元器件领域还保持着国际级的竞争力。日本家电产业的衰落是个复杂的过程。高度集中的财团经济，挤压了中小企业的生存空间，抑制了内部的创新动力。以往精于制造的成功经验束缚了企业的流程再造。20年前日本家电产业错过了数字化革命，如今也没有跟上智能化浪潮。日本家电企业曾是韩国和中国同行模仿和追赶的对象。如今日企的衰落对韩国和中国的同行具有很好的借鉴意义。本文运用波特的钻石模型，从生产要素、需求情况、相关和支持性产业、企业战略和结构、竞争对手、机会和政府行为六个方面对日本家电产业的竞争力进行了分析，同时对比韩国和中国竞争者的情况，结合国际产业发展的历史趋势，分析出日本家电产业竞争力存在多方面的不足，包括人力成本高昂、人口少子化、老龄化，创新环境恶化，竞争战略低利润化、重硬件轻软件以及“以己度人”的思维方式等等。根据这些不足，本文提出了日本家电产业内部可以改进的领域：低端产业国际转移、企业流程再造以及推进产业高级化发展。日本家电产业虽然在众多领域丧失了国际竞争力，但是经过几十年的发展，日本企业积累了先进的技术和丰富的管理经验。如果日本家电企业能够重塑过去那种赶超先进企业的精神，保持虚心学习的状态，改进企业流程，借鉴韩国和中国同行的成功经验，，预计可以在高端家电和消费类电子领域保持竞争力。
[Abstract]:In the past few decades, under the limitation of the shortage of resources in Japan, the Japanese household appliance industry, relying on the emphasis on R & D and lean production, has attacked the cities around the world, creating world-famous brands such as Matsushita, Sony, Hitachi, Toshiba, and so on. The Matsushita Konosuke was born. Morita Akio and a large number of industrial heroes. Japanese home appliance industry not only won the world market, but also spread its own corporate culture to the world. In 2011, Japan's home appliance industry suffered losses throughout the industry, and many well-known companies "broke their arms to survive." As a matter of fact, Japan's home appliance industry has long been in decline, and its market share has been gradually eroded by its counterparts in South Korea and China since the 1990s. Now the Japanese household electrical appliances industry is in total collapse in the field of white appliances, the television industry in the field of black electrical appliances is losing a lot of money, and the consumer electronics field is innovating and degenerating, and the market demand is weak. Only in the field of semiconductors and electronic components remain international competitiveness. The decline of Japanese home appliance industry is a complicated process. The highly concentrated consortia economy squeezes the living space of small and medium-sized enterprises and restrains the internal innovation power. Successful manufacturing experience has constrained business process reengineering. 20 years ago, Japan's home appliance industry missed the digital revolution, and now it has not kept up with the tide of intelligence. Japanese appliance enterprises have been the object of imitation and catch-up by their Korean and Chinese counterparts. Such as the decline of enterprises today to South Korea and China's peers have a good reference. Based on Porter's diamond model, this paper analyzes the competitiveness of Japanese home appliance industry from six aspects: factors of production, demand, related and supportive industries, enterprise strategy and structure, competitors, opportunities and government behavior. At the same time, by comparing the situation of Korean and Chinese competitors and combining with the historical trend of international industrial development, it is analyzed that there are many shortcomings in the competitiveness of Japan's home appliance industry, including high manpower costs, small population, aging, and deteriorating innovation environment. Low-profit competitive strategy, heavy on hardware and software, as well as "do your own" way of thinking and so on. According to these shortcomings, this paper puts forward the fields that can be improved in the domestic appliance industry of Japan: international transfer of low-end industries, reengineering of enterprise processes and promotion of the development of advanced industries. Although the Japanese household appliance industry has lost its international competitiveness in many fields, after decades of development, Japanese enterprises have accumulated advanced technology and rich management experience. If Japanese appliance enterprises can reshape the spirit of catching up with and surpassing advanced enterprises in the past, maintain an open-minded learning state, improve their business processes, and learn from the successful experiences of their Korean and Chinese counterparts, It is expected to remain competitive in the field of high-end home appliances and consumer electronics.
【学位授予单位】：云南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F416.6;F431.3

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