赣州市稀土资源开发生态补偿标准研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 22:15

本文选题：稀土资源 + 生态补偿　；参考：《江西财经大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随着对稀土资源高消耗的依赖，我国加大了对稀土资源的开采规模，不仅导致了稀土资源储量逐渐减少乃至枯竭，还给本来脆弱的稀土矿区生态环境带来了严重破坏。稀土产业的快速发展与环境日益恶化的矛盾促使资源环境问题备受关注，作为能够有效解决上述矛盾的方法之一，生态补偿越来越受到社会各界的广泛重视。因此，在这样的大背景下，试图以稀土资源开发生态补偿标准为切入点进行研究，这无论对建立稀土矿山生态补偿机制，还是对稀土资源开发过程中造成的生态环境破坏的控制都意义非凡。在国内外关于生态补偿标准相关文献研究的基础上，系统分析了稀土资源开发生态补偿的经济学理论依据，稀土资源开发生态补偿的基本理论包括生态系统服务功能理论、外部性理论、生态资本理论、公共产品理论，这些理论要求在稀土资源开发过程中要加强对稀土资源的生态补偿。同时界定了稀土资源开发生态补偿与生态补偿标准的概念，全面分析了赣州市稀土资源开发过程中三种不同工艺(池浸、堆浸与原地浸矿)造成的环境污染与生态破坏状况，总结分析了目前各种环境经济损失评估具体方法的优缺点、适用范围，从理论上建立了相应的评估方法体系。根据生态补偿标准费用的组成，将费用分为生态环境修复成本、环境破坏损失、社会经济状况补偿三部分，并确定了稀土资源开发生态补偿标准的区间，即补偿的上下限：①基于生态环境修复成本确定补偿标准－补偿下限，包括土地恢复治理费用、尾砂治理费用、植被恢复费用与废水治理费用四项内容；②基于生态环境破坏损失确定补偿标准－补偿上限，包括土地恢复治理费用、尾砂治理费用、植被恢复费用、废水治理费用、农业作物损失、人体健康损失、植被减少释养量损失、水土流失治理成本、社区发展机会损失九项内容。最后，以上述研究结论为依据，提出完善赣州市稀土资源开发生态补偿标准的建议与保障措施。作为稀土资源领域生态补偿标准的理论性研究，，本文的研究成果可为我国赣州和其他地区稀土资源开发生态补偿机制建立和有效实施提供一些科学依据。
[Abstract]:With the dependence on the high consumption of rare earth resources, China has increased the scale of exploitation of rare earth resources, which not only led to the gradual reduction and even depletion of rare earth resources reserves, but also brought serious damage to the fragile ecological environment of rare earth mining areas. The contradiction between the rapid development of rare earth industry and the worsening environment makes the problem of resources and environment pay more and more attention. As one of the effective methods to solve these contradictions, ecological compensation has been paid more and more attention by all walks of life. Therefore, under such a background, this paper attempts to study the ecological compensation standard of rare earth resources development, regardless of whether the establishment of ecological compensation mechanism of rare earth mines, It is also of great significance to control the ecological environment damage caused by rare earth resources development. Based on the research on ecological compensation standards at home and abroad, the economic theoretical basis of ecological compensation for the exploitation of rare earth resources is systematically analyzed. The basic theory of ecological compensation for rare earth resources development includes the theory of ecosystem service function. The theories of externality, ecological capital and public goods require that the ecological compensation of rare earth resources should be strengthened in the process of developing rare earth resources. At the same time, the concept of ecological compensation and ecological compensation standard for the exploitation of rare earth resources is defined, and the environmental pollution and ecological damage caused by three different processes (pool leaching, heap leaching and in-situ leaching) in the development of rare earth resources in Ganzhou are analyzed. This paper summarizes and analyzes the merits and demerits and the applicable scope of various concrete methods for environmental and economic loss assessment at present, and sets up the corresponding evaluation method system theoretically. According to the composition of the standard cost of ecological compensation, the cost is divided into three parts: the cost of ecological environment restoration, the loss of environmental damage, and the compensation of social and economic conditions, and the interval of ecological compensation standard for the exploitation of rare earth resources is determined. That is to say, the upper and lower limit of compensation is determined based on the cost of ecological environment restoration, which includes land restoration cost, tailings treatment cost, vegetation restoration cost and waste water treatment cost. (2) based on the loss of ecological environment, the upper limit of compensation should be determined, including the cost of land restoration and treatment, the cost of tailings management, the cost of vegetation restoration, the cost of wastewater treatment, the loss of agricultural crops, the loss of human health. The vegetation reduces the loss of nutrient release, the cost of soil and water loss control, and the community development opportunity loss. Finally, based on the above conclusions, the suggestion and safeguard measures of improving the ecological compensation standard for rare earth resources exploitation in Ganzhou City are put forward. As a theoretical study of the ecological compensation standard in the field of rare earth resources, the research results in this paper can provide some scientific basis for the establishment and effective implementation of the ecological compensation mechanism for the development of rare earth resources in Ganzhou and other regions of China.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X37;F426.1

【参考文献】