我国光伏企业纵向研发合作的研究

发布时间：2018-07-27 14:29

【摘要】：太阳能是未来能源结构中的重要组成部分。本世纪以来，随着光伏技术的日渐成熟和世界光伏市场的蓬勃发展，我国光伏企业进入了快速成长期。然而，欧美“双反”的贸易保护措施使“两头在外”又缺乏核心技术的我国光伏产业遭受到一次近乎致命的冲击。现阶段，尽快找到度过危机的有效策略关系到我国光伏企业的生存与发展。与此同时，越来越多的光伏企业迫于当前危机引发的研发市场和产品市场的双重压力，进行了纵向研发合作，其策略特征以及所获取的参与竞争的有利条件，对我国光伏企业在危机中提升技术水平和市场竞争优势有重要参考价值。本文运用产业组织理论和博弈论等分析工具，结合案例对我国光伏企业纵向研发合作进行了深入地分析。分别从技术壁垒、规模经济和市场集中度三个维度分析了我国光伏产业上、中、下游的市场结构，从合作动机、影响因素及策略三个视野分析了我国光伏企业纵向研发合作的行为特征，并在此基础上，对上、中游和中、下游企业的纵向研发合作进行博弈分析，结合均衡结果辨析出其行为特征给企业带来的利益整合和矛盾冲突。研究认为现阶段我国光伏企业在纵向研发合作过程中把纵向工艺创新与差别供货和差别定价的产品市场策略有机地结合起来的方式，可形成互惠互利的合作机制，，有助于企业有效应对当前市场的创新和交易风险，并获取稳定利润。这种合作机制不仅能降低交易风险、提高创新效率，即对上、中游企业来说，降低了原材料研发的高投入和人力、设备资产专用所带来的研发和交易风险，对中、下游企业来说，降低了新工艺太阳电池量产过程中的交易风险。而且能通过降低中间产品成本，提高合作成员企业的净利润和产品需求量。研究还认为我国光伏企业在纵向研发合作过程中，对合作组织规模的分歧最大。应注重合作目标一致性，采用符合量产规律的供货与符合学习曲线的定价的组合策略，只有这样，方能减小合作中讨价还价的交易成本，提升纵向研发合作的效能。最后，本文还指出，我国光伏企业应从长远发展的视角来关注合作中面临的风险和挑战。
[Abstract]:Solar energy is an important part of the future energy structure. Since this century, with the maturation of photovoltaic technology and the vigorous development of the world photovoltaic market, Chinese photovoltaic enterprises have entered a rapid growth period. However, the trade protection measures in Europe and the United States make the photovoltaic industry in China, which lacks the core technology, suffer a near fatal impact. At present, finding effective strategies to overcome the crisis as soon as possible is related to the survival and development of photovoltaic enterprises in China. At the same time, more and more photovoltaic enterprises, under the double pressure of R & D market and product market caused by the current crisis, have carried out vertical R & D cooperation, their strategic characteristics and the favorable conditions to participate in the competition. It has important reference value for the photovoltaic enterprises in our country to improve the technology level and the market competitive advantage in the crisis. In this paper, the vertical R & D cooperation of photovoltaic enterprises in China is deeply analyzed by using industry organization theory and game theory. From three dimensions of technical barrier, scale economy and market concentration, the paper analyzes the market structure of photovoltaic industry in China, from the motive of cooperation. This paper analyzes the behavioral characteristics of vertical R & D cooperation among photovoltaic enterprises in China from the perspective of influencing factors and strategies, and on this basis, analyzes the vertical R & D cooperation of enterprises in the upper, middle, middle and lower reaches by game analysis. Combined with the equilibrium result, the paper analyzes the benefit integration and conflict brought by the behavior characteristics of the enterprise. It is believed that in the process of vertical R & D cooperation, Chinese photovoltaic enterprises can form a mutually beneficial cooperation mechanism by organically combining vertical process innovation with product market strategy of differential supply and differential pricing. It is helpful for enterprises to deal with the innovation and transaction risk of current market effectively, and to gain stable profits. This kind of cooperation mechanism can not only reduce the transaction risk and improve the innovation efficiency, but also reduce the high investment and manpower of raw material R & D and the risk of R & D and transaction brought by the equipment assets. Downstream enterprises, reduce the new process of solar cell production process trading risk. Moreover, the net profit and product demand of cooperative member enterprises can be increased by reducing the cost of intermediate products. In the process of vertical R & D cooperation, photovoltaic enterprises in China have the biggest differences on the scale of cooperative organizations. We should pay attention to the consistency of cooperation objectives and adopt the combination strategy of supply according to the law of mass production and pricing in accordance with the learning curve. Only in this way can we reduce the transaction cost of bargaining in cooperation and enhance the efficiency of vertical R & D cooperation. Finally, this paper also points out that Chinese photovoltaic enterprises should pay attention to the risks and challenges in the cooperation from the perspective of long-term development.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F273.1;F426.61

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