家电再制造产品的定价研究

发布时间：2018-08-02 19:18

【摘要】：随着人民生活水平的不断提高，对家电产品的需求逐年增长。中国是一个家电生产大国，也是一个家电淘汰大国，每年会淘汰大量的废旧家电，形成了数量巨大的家电废弃物。这些家电废弃物，不仅会污染空气、土地，而且浪费了大量宝贵的资源。随着经济的快速发展，资源消耗和环境污染问题越来越受到社会的关注，循环经济也变得越来越重要。废旧家电再制造作为一种家电资源的循环再利用方式，越来越受到政府、企业和学者的关注。而企业实施家电再制造的关键在于确定合理的产品价格。本文从中国家电市场上的再制造情况出发，根据博弈论相关知识，分别构建了集中决策下的家电产品再制造定价模型和分散决策下的家电产品再制造定价模型。这些模型与以往模型的不同之处主要有：一、不确定性因素。以往构建多为确定性模型，而该模型充分考虑到了回收市场和需求市场的随机因素，充分体现了再制造过程的不确定性；二、研究对象不同。以往模型一般研究一个制造商与一个零售商，而该模型对两个制造商与一个零售商进行研究，与现实更接近；三、政府调控因素。过去模型对政府因素不够重视，而该模型充分引入了政府因素，体现了政府对废旧家电市场的影响，更符合现实。由于模型包含随机变量，分别运用了期望值模型和混合智能算法进行求解，得到了最优的价格策略和最优利润。以家电市场上的电视机为样本，对模型进行了数值仿真,得到了具体的价格策略和利润值。分析了再制造成本、政府补贴等因素对制造商批发价格和利润、对零售商的销售价格、回收价格和利润等的影响，得到了以下结论：一、再制造成本Cr的提高会使得零售商的销售价格增大，会使整个系统的利润呈现下降趋势。当Cr大于某个值时，会使得制造商进行再制造活动变得亏本，因此制造商应该合理控制再制造成本Cr；二、在一定范围内，政府提高补贴价格会激励零售商提高回收价格，回收更多的废旧家电，缩小在回收市场的价格竞争劣势，也会提高再制造系统的整体利润。因此政府应该适当的控制补贴数额，使得回收商既能很好的回收废旧家电，又能很好的满足自己的目标，，促进废旧家电再利用市场的发展。最后对集中决策和分散决策模型进行了比较，得到了集中决策下的系统利润比分散决策大，集中决策的回收价格和销售价格较低。因此对那些分散决策的制造商和零售商来说，应该可以存在某种方法，使得两者的利润都提高。
[Abstract]:With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the demand for household appliances is increasing year by year. China is a large country of household appliances production and a large number of waste household appliances are eliminated every year, forming a large number of household appliances waste. These household appliances will not only pollute the air, land, but also waste a lot of valuable resources. With the rapid development of economy, the problem of resource consumption and environmental pollution has been paid more and more attention, and circular economy has become more and more important. As a recycling method of household appliances, the remanufacture of waste household appliances has been paid more and more attention by the government, enterprises and scholars. And the key of the enterprise to implement the appliance re-manufacture is to determine the reasonable product price. Based on the situation of remanufacturing in Chinese home appliance market and the relevant knowledge of game theory, this paper sets up a remanufacturing pricing model of household appliances under centralized decision and a remanufacturing pricing model of household appliances under decentralized decision respectively. The differences between these models and previous models are as follows: first, uncertainty factors. In the past, most of the deterministic models were constructed, which fully considered the random factors of the recovery market and the demand market, and fully reflected the uncertainty of the remanufacturing process. Secondly, the research objects were different. The former model generally studies one manufacturer and one retailer, but this model studies two manufacturers and one retailer, which is closer to reality; third, government regulation factors. The past model does not pay enough attention to the government factor, but the model fully introduces the government factor, which reflects the influence of the government on the market of used household appliances, which is more in line with the reality. Because the model contains random variables, the expected value model and the hybrid intelligent algorithm are used to solve the problem, and the optimal price strategy and the optimal profit are obtained. Taking TV sets in home appliance market as samples, the model is numerically simulated, and the specific price strategy and profit value are obtained. The effects of remanufacturing cost, government subsidy and other factors on manufacturer's wholesale price and profit, on retailer's sales price, recovery price and profit are analyzed. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The increase of remanufacturing cost Cr will increase the retailer's sales price and make the profit of the whole system decline. When Cr is greater than a certain value, it causes manufacturers to lose money in remanufacturing activities, so manufacturers should control the cost of remanufacturing Cr.2. within a certain range, the government increases the subsidy price to encourage retailers to increase the recovery price. Recycling more used appliances, reducing the competitive disadvantage of price in the recycling market, will also increase the overall profits of the remanufacturing system. Therefore, the government should properly control the amount of subsidies, so that recyclers can not only recover used household appliances, but also meet their own goals, promote the development of recycling market. Finally, a comparison between centralized decision and decentralized decision model shows that the system profit under centralized decision is larger than that of decentralized decision, and the recovery price and sales price of centralized decision are lower than that of decentralized decision. So there should be a way for manufacturers and retailers to diversify their decisions and make both more profitable.
【学位授予单位】：华东交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F426.6

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