工业部门电力能效的实证分析

发布时间：2018-08-09 11:30

【摘要】：电力能源可大规模生产和远距离输送,清洁干净,且易于转换,具有其它能源所不具备的优势。作为我国能源消费的主要品种,电力在国民生活和经济发展中发挥着不可替代的至关重要的作用。我国工业用电量约占全社会总用电量的70%。因此,研究我国工业部门电力能效的演变规律及提升策略能够有效提高电力能源效率,在较大程度上缩小电力缺口,对电力工业和国民经济的健康、平稳、可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。本文首先研究了我国工业部门电能消费现状,对比分析了不同行业、不同区域的电能消费水平；其次,计算了我国工业部门单要素电力能源效率,从而分析了电耗强度的变化趋势,并利用电耗强度的因素分解模型,从行业层面上分析了我国工业部门电耗强度变化的强度效应和结构效应；继而采用数据包络分析法(DEA)对我国工业部门的全要素电力能效进行了测算；然后,选取产业结构、能源消费结构、技术进步和对外开放程度4个变量作为影响因素,采用向量自回归模型(VAR)和脉冲响应函数(IRF)分析各个影响因素自身的变动对能源效率的影响,并对影响因素与能源效率的长期均衡关系进行了深入探讨；最后,针对制约我国工业部门电力能效提高的影响因素,深入挖掘出重点用电领域的节能潜力,从而提出了合理的电力能效提升策略。研究结果表明,我国工业部门电力强度受产业结构、技术水平、能源消费结构和对外开放程度影响,呈逐年下降态势；但全要素电能投入与经济产出远未达到最优状态,具有较大的节能空间；可以从科技水平、工业结构、电价改革、节电宣传等方面大力提升工业电能利用效率。
[Abstract]:Power energy can be produced in large scale and transported over long distances, clean and clean, easy to convert, and has advantages that other energy sources do not have. As the main energy consumption in China, electric power plays an irreplaceable and vital role in national life and economic development. China's industrial electricity consumption accounts for about 70 percent of the total electricity consumption of the whole society. Therefore, studying the evolution law and promotion strategy of electric energy efficiency in the industrial sector of our country can effectively improve the energy efficiency of electric power, narrow the power gap to a large extent, and stabilize the health of the electric power industry and the national economy. Sustainable development has important practical significance. In this paper, the current situation of electric energy consumption in industrial sector of China is studied, and the level of electric energy consumption in different industries and regions is compared and analyzed. Secondly, the energy efficiency of single element of electric power in industrial sector of our country is calculated. The change trend of the power consumption intensity is analyzed, and the intensity effect and the structure effect of the power consumption intensity change in China's industrial sector are analyzed from the industry level by using the factor decomposition model of the power consumption intensity. Then, the paper uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) to measure the energy efficiency of all factors in the industrial sector of our country, and then selects four variables: industrial structure, energy consumption structure, technological progress and the degree of opening to the outside world as the influencing factors. Vector autoregressive model (VAR) and impulse response function (IRF) are used to analyze the effect of each factor itself on energy efficiency, and the long-term equilibrium relationship between factors and energy efficiency is discussed. In view of the factors restricting the improvement of electric energy efficiency in the industrial sector of China, the potential of energy saving in the key fields of power consumption is excavated in depth, and a reasonable strategy for improving the energy efficiency of electric power is put forward. The results show that the power intensity of the industrial sector in China is decreasing year by year, which is influenced by the industrial structure, technology level, energy consumption structure and the degree of opening to the outside world, but the input and economic output of all factor electric energy are far from reaching the optimal state. It can improve the efficiency of industrial electric energy utilization from the aspects of science and technology level, industrial structure, electricity price reform, electricity saving propaganda and so on.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F426.61;F224

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