我国风能产业发展及政策研究

发布时间：2018-08-16 15:32

【摘要】：全球能源危机和环境问题日益突出,新能源取代传统化石能源已成为世界可持续发展大趋势。与煤、石油等常规的化石能源不同,风能属于可再生能源,不存在枯竭的问题,而且它分布广泛、蕴含能量巨大。对新能源的开发利用,特别是对风能的开发利用,俨然受到世界各国的高度重视,成为其重要的战略选择。欧洲、美国和印度是全球风电产业发展的主要推动者,当前全球风电产业已出现席卷全球的发展态势,风电产业不仅能够产生明显的社会效益,同时也带来了各种经济效益。目前,我国常规能源所面临的短缺困境,使我国开发可再生能源、走能源可持续发展道路成为历史的必然。风能作为最有开发利用前景和技术最成熟的一种新型可再生能源,在减缓气候异常问题、提高国家能源安全、促进低碳产业经济发展等方面具有重要战略意义,在很大程度上缓解我国的能源短缺状况。尽管我国风能产业发展起步较晚,但发展速度较快,2011年跃为世界风电装机第一大国和新增装机量第一大国。这些成就的取得离不开过去几年我国对可再生能源开发力度的加大和重视。风力发电“十二五”规划的出台,再次向各界展示了国家坚定不移加快推进风电发展的决心。可以预见,在我国电力结构中,风电将成为占据越来越重要的地位。但同时我们也应该清醒认识到,我国风能产业发展也存在着开发利用成本高、市场化进程缓慢、缺乏核心技术、自主研发能力薄弱、评价认证体系缺乏、产业发展不完善以及政策法规滞后等一系列问题,这些问题的存在严重制约我国风能产业进一步发展。本文从国际视角出发,全面分析了德国、美国、丹麦、荷兰等国家的风能发展现状及政策支持,得出一些经验与启示。认为,要提高我国风能产业发展水平,走“绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展”之路,针对风能产业发展,应该转变传统观念,强化新能源建设；注重科技研发,突破技术瓶颈；拓宽融资渠道,增强风能产业融资能力等。在政策创新上,应引进风能配额制度,建立风能证书交易市场；同时,加强区域和国际合作,确保风能源产业安全。
[Abstract]:Global energy crisis and environmental problems have become increasingly prominent, new energy to replace traditional fossil energy has become a major trend of sustainable development in the world. Unlike conventional fossil energy, such as coal and petroleum, wind energy is a renewable energy, and there is no problem of depletion, and it is widely distributed and contains huge energy. The development and utilization of new energy, especially wind energy, has been attached great importance to by countries all over the world, and has become an important strategic choice. Europe, the United States and India are the main promoters of the global wind power industry. At present, the global wind power industry has been sweeping the global development trend, wind power industry can not only produce obvious social benefits, but also bring a variety of economic benefits. At present, the shortage of conventional energy makes it a historical necessity for China to develop renewable energy and take the path of sustainable energy development. Wind energy, as a new type of renewable energy with the most development and utilization prospect and the most mature technology, has important strategic significance in alleviating the abnormal climate problem, improving the national energy security, promoting the economic development of low-carbon industry, and so on. To a large extent, to alleviate the energy shortage in China. Although the development of wind energy industry in China started late, the speed of development was fast. In 2011, it became the first country of wind power installed in the world and the largest country in terms of new installed capacity. These achievements can not be separated from the development of renewable energy in China in the past few years. The introduction of the 12th Five-Year Plan for Wind Power has once again demonstrated the determination of the country to speed up the development of wind power. It can be predicted that wind power will play a more and more important role in the electric power structure of our country. But at the same time, we should also be aware that the development of wind energy industry in China also has high cost of development and utilization, slow process of marketization, lack of core technology, weak independent R & D capability, and lack of evaluation and certification system. A series of problems, such as imperfect industrial development and lagging policies and regulations, have seriously restricted the further development of wind energy industry in China. From the international perspective, this paper comprehensively analyzes the current situation and policy support of wind energy development in Germany, the United States, Denmark, the Netherlands and other countries, and obtains some experiences and revelations. In order to improve the development level of wind energy industry in China, we should take the road of "green development, circular development, low carbon development". In view of the development of wind energy industry, we should change the traditional concept, strengthen the construction of new energy, pay attention to scientific and technological research and development, and break through the technical bottleneck. Widen financing channel, strengthen wind energy industry financing ability and so on. In the policy innovation, we should introduce the wind energy quota system, establish the wind energy certificate trading market, at the same time, strengthen the regional and international cooperation to ensure the safety of wind energy industry.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F426.61

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