中俄木材贸易及对策研究

发布时间：2018-08-17 11:27

【摘要】：在对外贸易中，木材贸易是相邻国家之间的一种常见的贸易方式，依靠独特的地理优势，木材贸易是对一个国家对外贸易的重要补充，而且对促进经济发展具有重要的作用。俄罗斯已成为中国最重要的木材供应国。运用国际贸易的相关理论，选取1992年—2012年的数据，对中国对俄罗斯木材进出口贸易的现状和影响因素展开分析。首先分析了中俄森林资源概况、中国对俄罗斯木材贸易现状及特点，然后系统、全面的分析了中国对俄罗斯木材贸易。采用文献研究的研究方法，通过中俄贸易统计资料和相关的分析文章得出关于中俄木材贸易现状及问题的结论。运用中俄木材交易的大量数据作为分析基础，同时站在中国和俄罗斯的不同角度，具体分析了中俄木材贸易的促进和制约因素，并尝试寻找发展中俄木材贸易的对策。中国和俄罗斯远东地区的地缘优势是很明显的。现在在远东地区，还有边境口岸，比如满洲里、绥芬河等陆路口岸，为两国木材贸易的发展提供了便利条件。此外，中国丰富的劳动力资源也成为中俄木材贸易主要的优势。因此，与俄罗斯合作，并且由于中国是人口大国，劳动力很丰富，因此，可以向俄罗斯输送大量富余的劳动力，此外，也将输送掌握高科技的精英人才，这些人将对俄罗斯森林管理方面极其莫大的积极效果。与此同时，借助于从俄罗斯进口木材到中国，在中国境内开展木材加工和经营，既解决了俄罗斯劳动力短缺问题，也可以缓解中国这部分劳动力和技术人员过剩的问题。同时，木材贸易也在吸引外资、寻求国外合作，对俄罗斯来说是很重要的方面。拥有巨大的森林资源，已经拥有了物质基础，利用森林这个得天独厚的物质基础，寻求贸易和合作开发，可以快速有效地争取到外来资本的支持。两国政府之间对于贸易合作特别是木材贸易多次磋商。这些都有利于中国和俄罗斯之间木材贸易的深入发展。总之，通过将俄罗斯所拥有的木材资源借助于一定的通道输送到中国，这样可以让两个国家在经济发展方面相得益彰。这种方式可以使得资源得到最佳的分配。有鉴于此，在借助于国家对有关方面的方针情况下，中俄两国之间的木材贸易可以蓬勃发展，并为两国社会经济的可持续发展带来潜移默化的力量。然而，，我们也必须看到，在这良好的发展形势下，也存在一些不利方面，尤其是自苏联解体后，作为苏联继承者的俄罗斯近年来的发展前景还很不明朗，并且可以预见未来将会在木材行业出台一些不利的方针。因此，这种情况使得人们对中国与俄罗斯在木材交易方面有所不安。然而，我们必须看到积极的一面，市场拥有一只看不见的手，它可以使得资源往最佳的方向发展，这是不以人的意志为转移的客观实际。因此，即便两国在木材行业的方针会有所摇摆，但这种摇摆只是短时期的屈从于国家整体发展的需要。因此，倘使中国与俄罗斯要使木材贸易如果能够正确引导，顺利克服各种限制性因素，将会持续稳定地发展下去。
[Abstract]:In foreign trade, timber trade is a common form of trade between neighboring countries. Relying on unique geographical advantages, timber trade is an important supplement to a country's foreign trade and plays an important role in promoting economic development. Russia has become China's most important timber supplier.
Based on the relevant theories of international trade and the data from 1992 to 2012, this paper analyzes the current situation and influencing factors of China's timber import and export trade to Russia. Firstly, it analyzes the general situation of Sino-Russian forest resources, the present situation and characteristics of China's timber trade with Russia, and then systematically and comprehensively analyzes China's timber trade with Russia. By using the method of literature study, this paper draws a conclusion about the present situation and problems of Sino-Russian timber trade through the trade statistics and related analysis articles between China and Russia. Based on the large amount of data of Sino-Russian timber trade, and from different angles of China and Russia, this paper analyzes the promotion and restriction factors of Sino-Russian timber trade. And try to find a way to develop Sino Russian timber trade.
The geographical advantages of China and Russia in the Far East are obvious. Now in the Far East, there are border ports, such as Manchuria, Suifenhe and other land crossings, to facilitate the development of timber trade between the two countries. In addition, China's rich labor resources have become the main advantage of Sino-Russian timber trade. Because China is a country with a large population and abundant labor force, it can send a large number of surplus labor force to Russia. In addition, it will also send elite people with high-tech skills, who will have a tremendous positive effect on forest management in Russia. Meanwhile, with the help of imported timber from Russia to China, China will be able to Send a large number of surplus labor force to Russia. The development of timber processing and management in Russia not only solves the problem of labor shortage in Russia, but also alleviates the problem of surplus labor and technical personnel in China. At the same time, timber trade is also attracting foreign investment and seeking foreign cooperation, which is an important aspect for Russia. The two governments have consulted many times on trade cooperation, especially on timber trade, which is conducive to the further development of timber trade between China and Russia.
In a word, by transferring the timber resources owned by Russia to China through certain channels, the two countries can complement each other in economic development. This way, the resources can be best allocated. However, we must also see that in this good development situation, there are also some disadvantages, especially since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia as the successor of the Soviet Union in recent years, the development prospects are still very uncertain, and can be foreseen. There will be some unfavorable policies in the timber industry in the future. Therefore, this situation makes people uneasy about the timber trade between China and Russia. However, we must see the positive side, the market has an invisible hand, it can make the resources develop in the best direction, which is not transferred by human will. Therefore, even if the policy of the two countries in the timber industry will be wavered, but this wavering is only a short period of submission to the needs of the overall development of the country.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F752.7;F426.88;F451.2

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