我国盐业管理体制改革的路径选择

发布时间：2018-08-20 20:16

【摘要】：我国食盐专卖历史悠久，对促进国家经济发展、维护社会稳定、保障居民身体健康、提高国民素质起到了积极的作用。但随着我国市场经济的发展和经济体制、行政体制改革的不断深入，我国现行盐业管理体制所产生的弊端也日渐凸显，严重制约了行业和产业整体发展，与市场经济发展规律相背离。研究我国盐业管理体制改革与创新，不仅具有十分重要的理论意义，也具有十分重要的实践意义。本文运用公共管理学、经济学、法学和历史学相关知识，从准公共产品的基本理论出发，综合运用理论分析和实证分析相结合、比较分析和系统研究相结合的方法，通过回顾总结我国食盐专营制度的历史沿革，深入探讨我国现行以食盐专营为核心的盐业管理体制现状及主要弊端，比较分析美国、日本等发达国家盐业管理体制改革以及我国其他行政垄断行业改革情况，尝试对我国现行盐业管理体制的改革进行探讨，力图构建适应我国国情的市场化运作的盐业管理新模式。本文分析认为，首先，我国盐业管理体制的市场化改革势在必行。这既是我国盐行业做大做强的必然要求，也是市场经济发展的必然结果，同时也符合世界盐业改革和发展的普遍规律。其次，我国盐业体制改革的方向是取消食盐专营，建立起市场化条件下的寡头垄断竞争机制。再次，根据我国国情，我国盐业管理体制的市场化改革宜采取分步实施、稳步推进、循序渐进的方式进行。建议采取“5+3”盐业管理体制改革模式（5年过渡期、3年观察期。其中3年观察期可视具体情况调整，最长不超过3年）。为稳步推进我国盐业管理体制管理，要完善各项配套措施，如改革政企合一的管理体制、加强产销联合、加强盐业行业协会建设、加强盐业立法、建立健全食盐安全保障供应机制、在老少边穷地区建立碘盐供应补偿机制、实现盐业企业向公益性企业转型、实施区域化个性化的科学补碘策略等。希望能为我国盐业管理体制改革的探讨提供思路和参考。
[Abstract]:Salt monopoly has a long history in China, which plays a positive role in promoting national economic development, maintaining social stability, ensuring the health of residents and improving the quality of the people. However, with the development of market economy and economic system, and the deepening of administrative system reform, the malpractice of the current salt industry management system in our country is becoming increasingly prominent, which seriously restricts the development of industry and industry as a whole. Deviate from the law of market economy development. It is not only of great theoretical significance but also of great practical significance to study the reform and innovation of China's salt industry management system. This paper applies the relevant knowledge of public management, economics, law and history, starting from the basic theory of quasi-public goods, combining theoretical analysis with empirical analysis, comparative analysis and systematic research. By reviewing and summarizing the history and evolution of the salt monopoly system in China, this paper probes into the present situation and main disadvantages of the salt industry management system with the salt monopoly as the core in our country, and compares and analyzes the United States. Japan and other developed countries, such as salt industry management system reform and other administrative monopoly industry reform, try to China's current salt management system reform, This paper tries to construct a new management mode of salt industry which adapts to the national conditions of our country. This article thinks, first of all, our country salt industry management system market-oriented reform is imperative. This is not only the inevitable requirement of the salt industry in our country, but also the inevitable result of the development of the market economy, and it also accords with the universal law of the reform and development of the salt industry in the world. Secondly, the direction of system reform of salt industry in China is to cancel the monopoly of salt and set up the competitive mechanism of oligopoly under the condition of marketization. Thirdly, according to the situation of our country, the market-oriented reform of the management system of salt industry in our country should be carried out step by step, step by step and step by step. It is suggested to adopt the model of "53" salt management system reform (5 years transition period, 3 years observation period). The 3-year observation period may be adjusted according to specific circumstances, and the maximum is not more than 3 years). In order to steadily promote the management of salt industry in China, it is necessary to perfect various supporting measures, such as reforming the management system of integrating government and enterprises, strengthening the combination of production and marketing, strengthening the construction of salt industry associations, and strengthening the legislation of salt industry. Establishing and perfecting the supply mechanism of salt safety and security, establishing the compensation mechanism of iodized salt supply in the old and poor areas, realizing the transformation of salt enterprises to public welfare enterprises, implementing the regionalization of individualized scientific iodine supplement strategy, etc. It is hoped to provide ideas and references for the discussion of the reform of the management system of China's salt industry.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F426.82

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