吉林市化工产业集群研究

发布时间：2018-11-01 12:50

【摘要】：随着国民经济的快速发展，化工产业的应用范围已延伸到包括医药、环保、航空、电子、汽车、服装、建筑、食品、日化、农药、化肥等等各个领域，在未来也必然会有着广阔的发展空间和极大的发展机遇。在经济全球化时代，跨国公司已从我国沿海开放城市逐步向内陆地区推进，它在全世界范围内进行资源配置，拥有着人才、技术、管理、资本、市场信息等各种优势，无论是生产市场和资本市场都具有强大竞争力。面对这种竞争压力，国内企业只有积极应对，才能更好地参与到全球化浪潮中，获得更大的规模经济和竞争优势，这也是我国化工产业发展的必然之路。我国广大内陆省份的化工产业，面临着来自跨国公司和国内尤其是具有区位和市场优势的沿海地区化工产业的双重竞争压力，必须找到适合自己发展的道路。吉林市化工产业是吉林省的支柱产业，为了更好地发挥它对吉林省经济的带动作用，我们对吉林市化工产业集群进行了研究，并以此理解探究老工业基地和内陆省份产业集群的发展规律。通过对国内外化工产业的发展概况的了解，发现拥有广阔市场的亚太也是未来全球化工投资的热点，技术变革将助力未来化工发展，我国化工产业产能过剩问题依然严重，产业集中度仍不高，在安全生产和节能降耗领域仍有大的发展空间。在化工产业产能过剩的大背景下，由于体制因素导致的原料缺乏，当地市场没有得到良好培育，发展落后，加之缺乏有潜力的延伸项目，产品附加值低，集群发展缓慢。由于吉林化工产业集群面临企业装置老化、所在东北地区化工品需求不旺的技术和市场限制，资本雄厚和技术先进的大型化工外企和沿海发达化工的竞争压力，因而吉林化工产业集群的竞争力较差。老吉化还要淘汰落后产能和技术改进落后装置，因而，科研和技术方面也受到资金人才的限制，这同样是发展的不利因素。吉林化工产业集群的发展要顺应形势，在自身特点的基础上进行改善，我们从如下四个方面提出建议。一是加强人力资本培育，促进集群内技术创新；二是采取循环经济的发展模式，加快产业链调整；三是改革融资体制以激活中小企业发展；四是加强法律法规建设。首先，我们要利用好集群原有的人力资本优势，用创新和技术进步来助力企业发展。其次，我们要遵循整体形势循环发展，调整工艺和应用新技术来节能降耗、安全生产，调整产品结构应对附加值低的弊端。再次，克服现有体制问题的弊端在于扶植新的地方化工企业形成新增长点，或者改善融资体制以促进中小企业的发展。最后，就是加强地方性法律法规建设以保障集群发展的政策延续性和市场竞争的规范性。此外，，集群企业更要按照“十二五”规划中对于化工产业结构、能耗、环保、安全等方面的规定进行产业链发展和改造，以获得更好的收益。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the national economy, the application scope of the chemical industry has been extended to include medicine, environmental protection, aviation, electronics, automobile, clothing, construction, food, daily chemical, pesticide, fertilizer and other fields. In the future there will be a broad space for development and great opportunities for development. In the era of economic globalization, multinational corporations have gradually advanced from the coastal open cities of our country to inland areas. They have all kinds of advantages such as talent, technology, management, capital, market information and so on. Both the production market and the capital market have strong competitiveness. Faced with this kind of competitive pressure, domestic enterprises can better participate in the tide of globalization and gain greater scale economy and competitive advantage, which is the inevitable way for the development of chemical industry in our country. The chemical industry in inland provinces of our country is facing the double competitive pressure from multinational corporations and the chemical industry of coastal areas which have the advantage of location and market, so it is necessary to find a suitable way for their own development. Jilin City's chemical industry is the pillar industry of Jilin Province. In order to give full play to its driving effect on Jilin's economy, we have carried out a study on Jilin's chemical industry cluster. And to understand and explore the old industrial base and inland provinces industrial cluster development law. Through understanding the general situation of the chemical industry development at home and abroad, it is found that the Asia-Pacific region, which has a broad market, will also be the hot spot of the chemical industry investment in the future. Technological changes will help the chemical industry in the future, and the problem of overcapacity in the chemical industry in China is still serious. Industrial concentration is still low, and there is still great room for development in the field of production safety and energy saving and consumption reduction. Under the background of overcapacity in chemical industry, due to the lack of raw materials caused by institutional factors, the local market is not well cultivated, and the development is backward. In addition, the lack of extended projects with potential, the low added value of products and the slow development of clusters. Because the Jilin chemical industry cluster is facing the aging of the enterprise plant, the technical and market constraints of the chemical products demand in the northeast region, and the competitive pressure of large foreign chemical enterprises with abundant capital and advanced technology, and the developed chemical industry along the coast, As a result, Jilin chemical industry cluster is less competitive. Old Jihua also needs to eliminate backward production capacity and technology to improve backward devices, therefore, scientific research and technology are also limited by capital personnel, which is also a negative factor for development. The development of Jilin chemical industry cluster should conform to the situation and improve on the basis of its own characteristics. One is to strengthen the cultivation of human capital to promote technological innovation in the cluster; the other is to adopt the development model of circular economy to speed up the adjustment of industrial chain; third, to reform the financing system to activate the development of small and medium-sized enterprises; fourth, to strengthen the construction of laws and regulations. First of all, we should make good use of the human capital advantages of the cluster, with innovation and technological progress to help the development of enterprises. Secondly, we should follow the overall situation of circular development, adjust the process and the application of new technologies to save energy, production safety, adjust the product structure to cope with the disadvantages of low added value. Thirdly, to overcome the drawbacks of existing system problems lies in fostering new local chemical enterprises to form new growth points, or improving financing system to promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Finally, it is to strengthen the construction of local laws and regulations to ensure the continuity of policy and the standardization of market competition. In addition, cluster enterprises should develop and transform the industrial chain in accordance with the regulations of the 12th Five-Year Plan on chemical industry structure, energy consumption, environmental protection, safety and so on, in order to obtain better profits.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F427

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