基于精益思想下施工企业质量成本管理研究

发布时间：2018-11-11 20:59

【摘要】：随着建筑业市场的竞争日益激烈，施工企业不但要生产出令业主满意的建筑产品，更需要降低成本以提高企业的利润。质量成本作为工程成本的重要组成部分，，由于受到“高质量必须高成本”观念的影响并没有得到管理者的重视，质量成本一直居高不下，严重影响了施工企业的利润空间。因此，对施工企业质量成本管理的研究则显得尤为重要。首先，本文以质量成本理论和精益思想为基础，分析了精益视角下质量成本中存在的不增加业主价值的“浪费”，并阐述了“质量与成本、工期之间的关系”。其次，从业主、设计单位、材料供应商、施工单位和监理五个方面分析了质量成本产生的原因，找到质量成本的影响因素。再次，根据精益思想建立了精益质量成本管理体系，以“动态联盟”的形式整合建筑产品的质量链，在质量创造的三个层面上进行精益质量成本管理。一是质量链层面。通过业主定义质量水平和精益设计管理消除设计环节质量成本的影响因素；运用精益JIT采购管理消除材料采购环节质量成本的影响因素。二是施工企业内部层面。对于内部损失和外部损失的管理，本文运用BP人工神经网络对质量故障损失的影响因素进行评价，得到质量故障损失最重要的影响因素；然后运用以准时化施工为核心的精益生产管理体系对最重要的影响因素实施管理，包括准时化施工、模块化施工、拉动式控制系统、看板管理、LPS、标准化作业流程等方法；持续实施质量改进，直到彻底消除施工生产环节产生的质量故障损失。对于质量保证成本的管理，本文将每个质量改进周期分为三个阶段，并在控制阶段运用目标成本法逐步削减施工企业的预防成本和鉴定成本。三是施工现场层面。运用“现场5S管理”消除因作业现场管理不善而产生的质量成本。精益质量成本管理体系能够彻底地消除质量成本，对提高施工企业的利润率和增强市场竞争力有十分重要实用价值。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly fierce competition in the construction market, construction enterprises not only need to produce construction products that satisfy the owners, but also need to reduce costs in order to increase their profits. Quality cost, as an important part of engineering cost, is influenced by the idea of "high quality must high cost" and has not been attached importance to by managers. The quality cost has been high all the time, which has seriously affected the profit space of construction enterprises. Therefore, it is very important to study the quality cost management of construction enterprises. Firstly, based on the theory of quality cost and lean thought, this paper analyzes the "waste" which does not increase the owner's value in the quality cost from the lean perspective, and expounds the "relationship between quality and cost, time limit". Secondly, this paper analyzes the causes of quality cost from five aspects: owner, design unit, material supplier, construction unit and supervision, and finds out the influencing factors of quality cost. Thirdly, the lean quality cost management system is established according to lean thought. The quality chain of construction products is integrated in the form of "dynamic alliance", and lean quality cost management is carried out on three levels of quality creation. One is the quality chain level. By defining quality level and lean design management, the influencing factors of design link quality cost are eliminated, and the influence factors of material purchase link quality cost are eliminated by lean JIT purchasing management. Second, the internal level of construction enterprises. For the management of internal and external losses, this paper uses BP artificial neural network to evaluate the influencing factors of quality failure loss, and obtains the most important factors of quality failure loss. Then the lean production management system with JIT construction as the core is used to manage the most important influencing factors, including punctual construction, modular construction, pull control system, Kanban management, LPS, standardized operation flow and so on. Continue to implement quality improvement until the quality failure loss caused by construction production is completely eliminated. For the management of quality assurance cost, each quality improvement cycle is divided into three stages, and the cost of prevention and identification of construction enterprises is gradually reduced by using target cost method in the control stage. Third, the construction site level. Use 5 S site Management to eliminate the quality cost caused by poor site management. The lean quality cost management system can eliminate the quality cost thoroughly, which is of great practical value to improve the profit rate of construction enterprises and enhance the market competitiveness.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F275.3;F426.92

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