HACCP体系对我国食品企业的经济影响分析

发布时间：2018-11-15 07:17

【摘要】：民以食为天,自古以来食品就是人类生存和社会发展的必要条件。食以安为先,食品安全问题也得到了公众越来越多的关注。各国政府和食品企业都在寻求一种能有效保证食品安全的方法,HACCP体系便是这样一种公认的能有效保证食品安全的质量管理体系。本文首先对HACCP体系对企业的经济影响进行了理论分析,从正面影响和负面影响分别进行了探求。对企业而言,实施HACCP体系后,自身的管理水平、产品的知名度和市场的占有率都有了相应的提高。同时,HACCP也有助于企业打开国际市场以及通过诸如卫生注册、QS等其他认证。但是,HACCP体系也会给企业带来增加生产成本,延长产品的生产时间,降低生产效率等负面影响。进一步利用发放调查问卷的形式,对企业的各项基本情况、对HACCP体系各项成本和收益的感知程度、在实施HACCP体系的过程中所遇到的困难等情况进行调查。随后通过Likert量表、卡方检验的分析方法对HACCP体系关于企业成本和收益的影响因素进行探究,分析结果表明企业不同的基本情况会对企业实施HACCP体系的各项成本产生不同的影响。一般来说,HACCP体系认证成本的影响因素有企业性质和企业规模；人工成本的影响因素有企业规模和产品销售范围；设施成本的影响因素有企业产品类型、企业规模和企业通过其他质量管理认证的情况；运行成本的影响因素有企业规模、企业产品销售范围和企业通过其他质量管理认证的情况。同时,食品企业实施HACCP体系后,不仅能带给企业经济上的收益,更重要的是能带给企业诸如提高管理水平、提高消费者信任度、提高市场份额等无形效益。在实施HACCP体系的过程中,大部分企业认为认证机构标准不一、运作过于复杂和各项成本费用过高是所遇到的最大的困难。最后,总结全文并提出了相应的政策建议。
[Abstract]:People take food as the sky, food is the necessary condition of human survival and social development since ancient times. Food safety has been paid more and more attention by the public. Governments and food enterprises all over the world are looking for an effective way to ensure food safety. The HACCP system is recognized as a quality management system that can effectively guarantee food safety. In this paper, the economic impact of HACCP system on enterprises is analyzed theoretically, and the positive and negative effects are explored respectively. For enterprises, after the implementation of HACCP system, their own management level, product popularity and market share have been improved. HACCP also helps companies open international markets and pass other certifications such as health registration, QS, etc. However, HACCP system will also bring negative effects such as increasing production cost, prolonging production time and reducing production efficiency. By using the form of questionnaire, this paper investigates the basic situation of the enterprise, the perception of the costs and benefits of the HACCP system, and the difficulties encountered in the implementation of the HACCP system. Then, by means of Likert scale and chi-square test, the factors that affect the cost and income of enterprises in HACCP system are explored. The results show that different basic situations of enterprises will have different effects on the cost of implementing HACCP system in enterprises. Generally speaking, the factors influencing the cost of HACCP certification are the nature of the enterprise and the scale of the enterprise, and the influence factors of the labor cost are the scale of the enterprise and the scope of the product sale. The influencing factors of facility cost include the type of enterprise product, the scale of enterprise and the situation of enterprise passing other quality management certification; The influencing factors of operation cost are enterprise scale, sales range and other quality management certification. At the same time, after the implementation of HACCP system, food enterprises can not only bring economic benefits to enterprises, but also bring intangible benefits such as improving management level, improving consumer trust, increasing market share and so on. In the process of implementing the HACCP system, most enterprises consider that the most difficult problem is that the standards of certification organizations are different, the operation is too complex and the cost is too high. Finally, the paper summarizes the full text and puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations.
【学位授予单位】：山东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F203;F426.82

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