从“页岩气革命”到“能源独立”:前景、影响与挑战

发布时间：2018-11-22 14:10

【摘要】：能源依赖的代价以及由此带来的国家的脆弱性,使得自1973年尼克松总统开始,美国政府走上了寻找"能源独立"之路。为此目标,在数十年间通过从科研到立法的一系列配套措施,帮扶页岩气的开发。页岩气大规模开发引发的"页岩气革命"是美国寻求能源独立之路上的阶段性成果。页岩气开发不等于能源独立,也不是美国寻求能源独立的唯一举措;它也并不会动摇传统能源及能源生产国的重要性。然而,页岩气开发确实提高并将会继续提升美国的能源独立性,并将可能对美国经济的发展提供新的动力,从而有助于美国实力和地位的提升。在这种提升的对比之下,将会使传统能源大国的重要性显得有所下降。在页岩气大规模商业化开采之前,美国从政府到企业家已经为这一结果而默默地努力了几十年。正是从这一意义上而言,"页岩气革命"是一场无法直接输出的"革命"。考虑到页岩气开发过程中对环境的潜在破坏,对于中国而言,页岩气开发不宜操之过急,以免后患无穷;当务之急应是科研先行,开发宜缓。
[Abstract]:The cost of energy dependence and the resulting fragility of the nation set the United States administration on the path to energy independence since President Nixon in 1973. To this end, in decades through a range of scientific research to legislation to support shale gas development. The shale gas revolution triggered by shale gas development is a phased achievement on America's quest for energy independence. Shale gas development is not equal to energy independence, nor is it the only effort by the United States to seek energy independence; nor does it undermine the importance of traditional energy and energy producers. However, shale gas development does increase and will continue to enhance U.S. energy independence and will likely provide new impetus to the U.S. economy, thus contributing to the country's strength and position. In contrast, the rise will make the importance of traditional energy powers seem less important. Before the large-scale commercial exploitation of shale gas, American governments and entrepreneurs had been quietly working for decades on this outcome. It is in this sense that the shale gas revolution is a revolution that cannot be exported directly. Considering the potential damage to the environment in the process of shale gas development, for China, shale gas development should not be carried out too quickly so as to avoid endless trouble; the most urgent task is to advance scientific research and slow development.
【作者单位】：北京交通大学中国产业安全研究中心;
【分类号】：F416.2

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