我国发电企业碳金融策略研究
发布时间：2018-12-19 16:50
【摘要】：长期以来，学术界一直在争论关于全球气候变暖并造成一系列灾难性后果的原因，其中的结论之一是“人类过分工业化生产而同时以破坏环境为代价换来经济发展；这种过度的工业化生产造成的后果是向大气中排放了大量的二氧化碳等温室气体，造成了全球气候的变暖。”这一结论已经引起世界各国越来越多的关注，并且在现实社会经济活动中得到广泛的认同。本文的研究内容是基于这一假设前提展开的。 经历了《联合国气候变化框架公约》，《京都议定书》，哥本哈根会议，联合国气候变化组织建立了一系列的条约与交流平台，在为各国提出减排要求的同时也提出了三种机制（Joint Implementation，JI；InternationalEmissions Trading，IET；Clean Development Mechanism，CDM）作为碳减排的经济补偿。这三种机制也孕育了一个全新的可交易产品，即碳排放权，和一个全新的交易市场，即碳交易市场。新的金融概念——碳金融也随之产生。 我国“富煤少油缺气”的资源禀赋决定了我国以煤作为发电燃料的火力发电企业成为了碳排放中的大户。在这些企业面临着碳减排压力的时候，碳金融的出现也为他们在减排过程中出现的成本问题提供了一个很好的解决方法。本文研究我国发电企业参与碳金融活动的过程中如何正确制定战略和做出决策，内容安排如下。 首先，第一章作为引论，介绍了选题背景，国内外研究状况和相关概念。第二章介绍了碳金融发展的背景及我国碳金融的现状。 第三章通过建立碳排放成本函数说明我国发电企业在参与碳配额交易的过程中如何比较市场上的配额价格以及自身的减排成本的关系，并且根据配额价格与自身边际减排成本的不同关系来制定不同的减排策略，从而帮助企业做出正确决策，获得更大的经济效益，完成减排目标。 接下来第四章介绍了CDM清洁发展机制以及我国的一些发电企业同发达国家合作开发清洁能源项目，用产生的碳减排额度换取资金来获得额外的经济收益。然后以某小型水电站开发项目为例，，通过运用现金流的方法比较了获得碳减排收益与未获得碳减排收益的差别，说明了参与CDM清洁能源开发项目确实可以帮助我国一些发电企业在减排改造过程中获得资金收益，缓解成本压力。 最后第五章通过分析得出结论及建议。我国应该积极地鼓励发电企业参与清洁能源项目及碳配额交易等一系列的碳金融活动，以帮助企业降低碳减排的压力，但同时在参与碳金融活动的过程中也要注意切忌盲目选择以及要努力规避风险。
[Abstract]:For a long time, academic circles have been arguing about the causes of global warming and a series of disastrous consequences. One of the conclusions is that "the human being produces excessively industrially and at the same time destroys the environment in exchange for economic development;" "the consequence of this excessive industrial production is that a lot of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, have been emitted into the atmosphere, causing global warming." This conclusion has attracted more and more attention all over the world and has been widely accepted in social and economic activities. The content of this paper is based on this hypothesis. Through the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change, the Kyoto Protocol, the Copenhagen Conference, the United Nations Climate change Organization has established a series of treaty and exchange platforms, In addition to the emission reduction requirements for countries, three mechanisms (Joint Implementation,JI;) are also proposed. InternationalEmissions Trading,IET;Clean Development Mechanism,CDM) as the economic compensation for carbon emission reduction. These three mechanisms also breed a new tradable product, namely carbon emission rights, and a new trading market, namely carbon trading market. A new financial concept, carbon finance, also emerged. The natural endowment of "rich coal, less oil and less gas" determines that coal-fired power generation enterprises have become the major carbon emitters in China. When these enterprises are under pressure to reduce carbon emissions, the emergence of carbon finance also provides a good solution to the cost problem in the process of reducing carbon emissions. This paper studies how to correctly formulate strategies and make decisions in the process of China's power generation enterprises participating in carbon finance. The content is arranged as follows. Firstly, the first chapter introduces the background, research situation and related concepts. The second chapter introduces the background of carbon finance development and the current situation of carbon finance in China. In the third chapter, by establishing the carbon emission cost function, it explains how to compare the price of quota in the market and the cost of emission reduction in the process of participating in carbon quota trading. According to the different relationship between quota price and marginal emission reduction cost, different emission reduction strategies can be made to help enterprises make correct decisions, achieve greater economic benefits and achieve emission reduction targets. The fourth chapter introduces the CDM clean development mechanism and the cooperation of some power generation enterprises with developed countries to develop clean energy projects. Then taking a small hydropower station development project as an example, the paper compares the difference between the carbon emission reduction income and the non-carbon emission reduction income by using the cash flow method. It is shown that participating in the CDM clean energy development project can help some power generation enterprises in China to obtain financial benefits and alleviate the cost pressure in the process of emission reduction and transformation. Finally, the fifth chapter draws conclusions and recommendations through analysis. China should actively encourage power generation enterprises to participate in a series of carbon finance activities, such as clean energy projects and carbon quota trading, in order to help enterprises reduce the pressure of reducing carbon emissions. But at the same time, in the process of participating in carbon finance, we should pay attention to avoid blind choice and try to avoid risks.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F272;F426.61
本文编号：2387193
[Abstract]:For a long time, academic circles have been arguing about the causes of global warming and a series of disastrous consequences. One of the conclusions is that "the human being produces excessively industrially and at the same time destroys the environment in exchange for economic development;" "the consequence of this excessive industrial production is that a lot of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, have been emitted into the atmosphere, causing global warming." This conclusion has attracted more and more attention all over the world and has been widely accepted in social and economic activities. The content of this paper is based on this hypothesis. Through the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change, the Kyoto Protocol, the Copenhagen Conference, the United Nations Climate change Organization has established a series of treaty and exchange platforms, In addition to the emission reduction requirements for countries, three mechanisms (Joint Implementation,JI;) are also proposed. InternationalEmissions Trading,IET;Clean Development Mechanism,CDM) as the economic compensation for carbon emission reduction. These three mechanisms also breed a new tradable product, namely carbon emission rights, and a new trading market, namely carbon trading market. A new financial concept, carbon finance, also emerged. The natural endowment of "rich coal, less oil and less gas" determines that coal-fired power generation enterprises have become the major carbon emitters in China. When these enterprises are under pressure to reduce carbon emissions, the emergence of carbon finance also provides a good solution to the cost problem in the process of reducing carbon emissions. This paper studies how to correctly formulate strategies and make decisions in the process of China's power generation enterprises participating in carbon finance. The content is arranged as follows. Firstly, the first chapter introduces the background, research situation and related concepts. The second chapter introduces the background of carbon finance development and the current situation of carbon finance in China. In the third chapter, by establishing the carbon emission cost function, it explains how to compare the price of quota in the market and the cost of emission reduction in the process of participating in carbon quota trading. According to the different relationship between quota price and marginal emission reduction cost, different emission reduction strategies can be made to help enterprises make correct decisions, achieve greater economic benefits and achieve emission reduction targets. The fourth chapter introduces the CDM clean development mechanism and the cooperation of some power generation enterprises with developed countries to develop clean energy projects. Then taking a small hydropower station development project as an example, the paper compares the difference between the carbon emission reduction income and the non-carbon emission reduction income by using the cash flow method. It is shown that participating in the CDM clean energy development project can help some power generation enterprises in China to obtain financial benefits and alleviate the cost pressure in the process of emission reduction and transformation. Finally, the fifth chapter draws conclusions and recommendations through analysis. China should actively encourage power generation enterprises to participate in a series of carbon finance activities, such as clean energy projects and carbon quota trading, in order to help enterprises reduce the pressure of reducing carbon emissions. But at the same time, in the process of participating in carbon finance, we should pay attention to avoid blind choice and try to avoid risks.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F272;F426.61
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