风险偏好、外部信息失效与农药暴露行为

发布时间：2019-06-27 13:14

【摘要】：农民长期暴露在农药环境中,他们或者在使用农药时直接接触农药,或者在没有过安全期就直接进入农地而接触到农药残留,由此也引发了健康风险问题。对此,一部分学者认为农民的农药暴露可能是受农民风险偏好所驱动的行为;另一部分学者认为农民关于自身农药暴露的信息是非常有限的,这也正是农民长期暴露于农药环境中的根本原因。而本文则是从农户行为角度着手,运用广东省274个菜农的实地调研数据,通过个人保护装备使用情况来判断农民的农药暴露程度,在此基础上构建有序回归模型,计量分析了风险偏好、外部信息失效和个人特征对农药暴露行为的影响作用,并对农民农药信息失效的原因进行了研究。研究发现:目前广东农民整体存有较高程度的农药暴露现象;在控制农民的年龄、受教育程度和性别后,影响农民农药暴露行为的显著因素是"外部信息失效",而不是"风险偏好",即相较于农药信息来自自身经验的农民,最有用的农药信息是来自外部信息的农民在施用农药时穿戴全套保护装备的概率更低;农药零售商为了追求利益最大化而向农民提供不完全或者不对称的农药信息,这也正是现阶段农民外部农药信息失效以及高程度农药暴露行为的主要原因。结论表明,为推进农药信息普及工作,降低农民的农药暴露程度,应做到:第一,加强对农药零售商的培训、管理和监督,优化市场环境,引导农药零售商向农民提供完全、对称、准确的农药信息;第二,进一步强化农技站、植保站和农业学校等相关部门的农药信息服务功能。
[Abstract]:Farmers are exposed to pesticide environment for a long time. They are either directly exposed to pesticides when using pesticides or enter agricultural land without safety period and come into contact with pesticide residues, which also leads to health risk problems. In this regard, some scholars believe that farmers' pesticide exposure may be driven by farmers' risk preference, while others think that farmers' information about their own pesticide exposure is very limited, which is the fundamental reason why farmers are exposed to pesticide environment for a long time. From the perspective of farmers' behavior, this paper uses the field investigation data of 274 vegetable farmers in Guangdong Province to judge the pesticide exposure degree of farmers through the use of personal protection equipment. On this basis, an ordered regression model is constructed to quantitatively analyze the effects of risk preference, external information failure and personal characteristics on pesticide exposure behavior, and the causes of farmers' pesticide information failure are studied. It is found that there is a high degree of pesticide exposure in Guangdong farmers as a whole. After controlling farmers' age, education level and sex, the significant factor affecting farmers' pesticide exposure behavior is "external information failure", rather than "risk preference". That is to say, compared with farmers whose pesticide information comes from their own experience, the most useful pesticide information is that farmers with external information have a lower probability of wearing a full set of protective equipment when applying pesticides. Pesticide retailers provide farmers with incomplete or asymmetrical pesticide information in order to maximize their interests, which is the main reason for the failure of farmers' external pesticide information and the high degree of pesticide exposure behavior at present. The results show that in order to promote the popularization of pesticide information and reduce the pesticide exposure degree of farmers, we should: first, strengthen the training, management and supervision of pesticide retailers, optimize the market environment, guide pesticide retailers to provide complete, symmetrical and accurate pesticide information to farmers; second, further strengthen the pesticide information service function of agricultural technology stations, plant protection stations and agricultural schools.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院;
【基金】：中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目(编号:14XNH078)
【分类号】：F426.72

【参考文献】