新能源汽车补贴政策工具挖掘及量化评价

发布时间：2018-01-17 13:30

本文关键词：新能源汽车补贴政策工具挖掘及量化评价　出处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年10期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：现阶段中国大力开展新能源汽车示范推广工作,中央及各地方政府已相继出台一系列补贴政策。在严厉打击新能源汽车"骗补"及补贴政策重新调整等背景下,分析梳理现有政策从而对其进行整体把握与正确判断显得尤为重要,从而为政策改进与优化做准备。本文选取了截至2016年底国家和北京市颁布的涉及新能源汽车补贴的相关政策。首先,从采用文本挖掘的方法整理出的政策文本的高频有效关键词从中提炼出的政策工具,可分为供给型、需求型、环境型三类,分别从技术推动、市场拉动和环境支撑三个方面促进和规范新能源汽车市场。发现现有政策工具仍存在一些问题,如缺乏支持新能源汽车技术提升和产品开发的供给型政策工具;环境型政策工具的作用重点欠科学,对充电基础设施建设的重视程度不够;补贴过于聚焦新能源汽车购买环节等。其次,结合政策特点运用PMC指数模型构建了新能源汽车补贴政策的量化评价框架,通过变量分类、参数识别建立了多投入产出表,并通过PMC指数的测量、PMC曲面的生成综合反映政策各维度的情况。再次,采用实证分析的方法,选取3项新能源汽车补贴政策(P1、P2、P3)为研究对象,对政策进行量化评价。结果得出3项政策的PMC指数分别为7.52、6.95、6.21,均在良好的等级之内,P1政策的量化结果为优秀,P2、P3政策结果为良好,且具有较大的提升空间,可考虑在激励措施等方面予以加强。最后,根据新能源汽车补贴政策无法取得预期效果的原因,提出三点政策优化意见:(1)重视供给型政策工具的使用,加大新能源汽车科研资金投入;(2)环境型政策工具的作用重点应放在充电等基础设施的建设上;(3)需求型可考虑采取以公共交通带动私人交通的策略。
[Abstract]:At the present stage, China has vigorously carried out the demonstration and promotion of new energy vehicles, and the central and local governments have issued a series of subsidy policies one after another. Under the background of severely cracking down on new energy vehicles "cheating and compensating" and readjusting the subsidy policy, etc. It is particularly important to analyze and comb the existing policies so as to grasp and correctly judge them. So as to prepare for policy improvement and optimization. This paper selects the relevant policies related to the subsidies of new energy vehicles issued by the state and Beijing until end of 2016. First of all. The policy tools extracted from the high-frequency effective keywords of the policy text sorted out by the method of text mining can be divided into three types: supply type, demand type and environment type, respectively, driven by technology. It is found that there are still some problems in the existing policy tools, such as the lack of supply-oriented policy tools to support the technological upgrading and product development of new energy vehicles; The role of environmental policy tools is unscientific, and the importance of charging infrastructure is not enough; Subsidies focus too much on the purchase of new energy vehicles and so on. Secondly, according to the characteristics of the policy, using the PMC index model to construct the quantitative evaluation framework of the subsidy policy of new energy vehicles, through the classification of variables. Parameter identification set up a multi-input-output table, and through the measurement of the PMC index, the generation of PMC surface synthetically reflects the policy dimensions. Thirdly, the empirical analysis method is used. Three new energy vehicle subsidy policies are selected as the research object, and the quantitative evaluation of the policies is carried out. The results show that the PMC index of the three policies is 7.52 / 6.95 respectively. 6.21, the quantification result of P1 policy in good grade is that the result of excellent P2P3-3 policy is good, and there is great room for improvement. Finally, according to the reason that the new energy automobile subsidy policy can not get the expected effect, the author puts forward three suggestions of policy optimization: 1) attach importance to the use of supply-type policy tools. Increase the investment of new energy vehicle research; 2) the role of environmental policy tools should be focused on the construction of infrastructure such as charging; 3) A strategy of using public transport to drive private transport may be considered.
【作者单位】：北京工业大学经济与管理学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“基于CAS的焦点企业科技创新网络演化机理研究”(批准号:70972115)
【分类号】：F426.471;F812.45
【正文快照】： 经济飞速发展人民物质水平不断提升,带动了汽车需求量的日渐增加,在能源匮乏与生态环境恶化的双重压力下,发展新能源汽车已经成为中国汽车产业前进的新方向[1]。作为扶持新能源汽车产业的重要助力,补贴政策引领并推动着新能源汽车市场的发展[2]。2009年以来,中国逐步开展节能

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