代际收入弹性与地方政府支出的关系研究

发布时间：2018-02-20 02:35

本文关键词： 代际收入弹性地方财政支出微观机制　出处：《厦门大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以代际收入弹性为研究对象,考察地方财政开支是否有助于降低代际收入弹性。实证部分发现中国地方政府的财政开支事实上会提高代际收入弹性。这说明我们的财政支出并未很好地帮助贫穷人群摆脱预算约束的限制,穷人无法获取向上流动的机会。为了解释这一反常的实证结论,本文从中国社会的微观层面特征入手展开分析。首先,教育市场存在教育质量有明显优势的重点学校。本文针对此现象构建模型,说明如果财政支持向重点学校倾斜,那么此类学校的预算约束会被放松,从而推高相对失学率。其次,家庭收入状况是私人信息。信息不对称问题使得政府无法准确将财政补贴定位于贫困群体,这将导致无意的逆向财政支持。最后,为追求快速晋升,地方政府官员有足够的政治激励,实施直接补贴高产出人才的政策,这将导致有意的逆向财政补贴。这些微观层面的特征从不同的渠道产生共同作用,使得财政开支降低代际流动性。相比已有文献,本文的贡献在于从静态的观察中国收入分配的现状,转到摸索收入分配状况的动态演化规律；从仅仅利用各种微观调查数据测算代际收入弹性,转到分析代际流动性的影响因素,如本文研究的地方政府开支；从简单找到影响代际流动性的因素,转到发现该因素产生影响的关键路径和作用机制,如教育市场的预算约束、家庭收入的信息不对称以及追求晋升的政治激励。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the intergenerational income elasticity as the research object. The empirical results show that the fiscal expenditure of local governments in China will actually increase the intergenerational income elasticity. This shows that our fiscal expenditure does not help the poor very well. Poor people get rid of budget constraints, In order to explain this anomalous empirical conclusion, this paper analyzes the microcosmic characteristics of Chinese society. In the education market, there are key schools with obvious advantages in the quality of education. This paper constructs a model to illustrate that if the financial support is inclined to the key schools, then the budgetary constraints of such schools will be relaxed. This pushes up the relative dropout rate. Secondly, household income is private information. Information asymmetries prevent the government from accurately targeting fiscal subsidies to the poor, which leads to unintentional reverse financial support. In pursuit of rapid promotion, local government officials have sufficient political incentives to implement policies that directly subsidize highly productive personnel, which will lead to deliberate reverse financial subsidies. These micro-level characteristics work together from different channels. Compared with the existing literature, the contribution of this paper lies in the static observation of the current situation of income distribution in China, to explore the dynamic evolution of income distribution; From measuring intergenerational income elasticity by using only a variety of micro-survey data, to analyze the influencing factors of intergenerational mobility, such as the local government expenditure studied in this paper, to find out the factors that affect intergenerational mobility. Turn to the key pathways and mechanisms to discover the impact of this factor, such as budgetary constraints in the education market, information asymmetry in household income, and political incentives for promotion.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F812.45;F124.7

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