巴士公交财政补贴及服务供给效率:深圳改革的启示

发布时间：2018-04-01 15:16

本文选题：巴士公交　切入点：财政补贴　出处：《中国软科学》2015年11期

【摘要】：公交优先和"公交都市"发展战略确立了城市政府在巴士公交服务供给中的主体地位,并要求城市政府对公交行业进行财政补贴,而厘清财政补贴制度与城市公交服务的供给效率之间的关系则是政府进行公交行业财政补贴改革的重要依据。本文以深圳市巴士公交为研究对象,分析了基于成本规制的财政补贴制度下巴士公交企业的经营策略与巴士公交服务的供给效率。成本规制下公交票价收入不再影响企业盈利,增加成本投入成为企业获得更多利润回报的主要途径。通过分析经营数据发现,在深圳市的成本规制下,公交企业采取成本扩张策略来获得更多的财政补贴,结果是增加了每人次成本费用和每车公里成本费用,降低了巴士公交的每车公里人次;在增加了政府的财政负担的同时,降低了城市公交服务的供给效率。2013年推行以乘客量计算补贴额度,是对以往的补贴政策的纠正。深圳市的经历表明,财政补贴制度对巴士公交企业的经营行为和巴士公交服务的供给效率具有显著影响,政府应根据城市公交市场所处的发展阶段和不同补贴方式的政策效应制定差异化的财政补贴制度,并在财政补贴制度的基础上细化公交线路规划和运营标准,提高巴士公交服务的供给效率。
[Abstract]:The priority of public transport and the development strategy of "public transportation city" establish the main position of city government in the supply of bus bus service, and require the city government to subsidize the public transport industry.To clarify the relationship between the financial subsidy system and the supply efficiency of urban public transport service is an important basis for the government to carry out the reform of the public transport industry financial subsidy.This paper takes bus bus in Shenzhen as the research object, analyzes the operation strategy and the supply efficiency of bus bus service under the financial subsidy system based on cost regulation.Under the cost regulation, the public transport fare income no longer affects the enterprise profit, increasing the cost input becomes the main way for the enterprise to obtain more profit return.By analyzing the operating data, it is found that under the cost regulation of Shenzhen City, public transport enterprises adopt cost expansion strategy to obtain more financial subsidies, and the result is that the cost per person and kilometer per vehicle is increased.Reducing the number of buses per kilometer; increasing the financial burden on the government while reducing the efficiency of urban public transport services. In 2013, the introduction of subsidies based on the number of passengers is a correction to the previous subsidy policy.The experience of Shenzhen City shows that the financial subsidy system has a significant impact on the operation behavior of bus transit enterprises and the efficiency of bus bus service supply.According to the development stage of the urban public transport market and the policy effect of different subsidy methods, the government should formulate the differentiated financial subsidy system, and refine the planning and operation standards of the bus route on the basis of the financial subsidy system.Improve the efficiency of bus bus service supply.
【作者单位】：北京大学城市与环境学院;北京大学城市规划与设计学院;
【基金】：北京大学-林肯研究院城市发展与土地政策研究中心基金项目(项目编号:20150101)
【分类号】：F572.88;F812.45

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