美国FTA中的政府采购规则研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 02:16

本文选题：美国自由贸易协定 + 政府采购　；参考：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在全球贸易自由化进程中，政府采购作为一种重要的贸易方式，必将成为国家间进行贸易谈判的重要内容。美国是世界上较早实行政府采购制度的国家之一。其以国内完善的政府采购法律体系为基础，通过对外缔结双边协定或者加入多边谈判的方式扩大政府采购市场，试图以此逐步消除各国保护国内产品与供应商、排斥外国竞争者的贸易壁垒。美国继1985年与以色列签订FTA之后，又谈判加入了一系列FTA，且均将政府采购规则纳入其中，并以专章的形式对政府采购的主体、客体以及程序等内容作出较为详尽的规定。中国在签署FTA上已步入一个新高度，但目前中国对外签订的所有FTA均未包含政府采购规则，但随着国际政府采购市场的不断发展，有关这一规则的纳入应该得到我国的重视。分析和掌握美国相关FTA中的政府采购规则对我国FTA战略纳入政府采购规则具有一定的借鉴意义。本文将从以下五个部分对美国FTA中的政府采购规则进行研究，，主要内容如下：第一部分：美国FTA中的政府采购规则概述。本部分的主要目的是了解美国FTA纳入政府采购规则的原因，文章从GPA的局限性、美国的国家结构、政治意图、经济动因四个方面进行分析；之后作者在本部分介绍了美国FTA的历史沿革，并根据其发展特点将其沿革划分为三个阶段，以期让我们更清晰地了解美国FTA中政府采购规则发展的大致脉络。第二部分：美国FTA中的政府采购主体。通常情况下，美国FTA中政府采购的主体包含中央采购实体、次级中央实体与政府企业。因此，文章在本部分列举并归纳了美国FTA这三类主体的内容，以其中具有代表性的NAFTA等为视角，并在此基础上，分别对三类主体的规定进行评析。第三部分：美国FTA中的政府采购客体。本部分从政府采购客体的范围与政府采购客体的采购门槛两方面对政府采购客体进行阐释。美国FTA在采购客体范围方面经历了一定的发展与完善，包括采购客体范围的形成与两次补充。在采购门槛方面，虽然美国FTA中规定的采购门槛不尽一致，但也表现出一定的规律性。因此，本部分将结合表格的形式对美国部分FTA的采购门槛进行阐明和分析。第四部分：美国FTA中的政府采购程序。有关程序性的规定是政府采购规则的核心内容。因此，本文在这一部分，也不吝笔墨。分别以美国FTA的招标程序、投标程序、合同授予程序、救济程序这几个政府采购过程中的重要程序为切入点，对美国FTA中的政府采购程序进行阐释与分析。第五部分：美国FTA对中国FTA战略中政府采购规则的启示。本部分首先分析中国已经具备了一定的将政府采购规则纳入中国FTA战略的条件；其次，提出了无论是从中国FTA的发展还是从保护本国供应商的角度来看，将政府采购规则纳入中国FTA战略是一项不可回避的议题；最后，文章提出了中国FTA战略中纳入政府采购规则的策略，包括：审慎选择谈判对象、循序渐进扩大政府采购主体、灵活界定政府采购客体、完善政府采购程序。
[Abstract]:In the process of Global trade liberalization, government procurement, as an important way of trade, will certainly become an important part of trade negotiations between countries. The United States is one of the countries in the world to carry out the system of government procurement earlier in the world. The United States, following the signing of FTA with Israel in 1985, has joined a series of FTA after signing FTA with Israel in 1985. The contents of the body, the object and the program are more detailed. China has entered a new height on the signing of the FTA, but at present, all the FTA signed by China does not contain the government procurement rules. However, with the continuous development of the international government procurement market, the inclusion of this rule should be paid attention to in our country. The government procurement rules related to FTA have certain reference significance for China's FTA strategy to be incorporated into the rules of government procurement.
This article will study the rules of government procurement in the US FTA from the following five parts. The main contents are as follows:
The first part: an overview of the government procurement rules in the American FTA. The main purpose of this part is to understand the reasons for the integration of American FTA into government procurement rules. The article analyzes the limitations of GPA, the national structure, political intention and economic motivation of the United States, and then the author introduces the historical evolution of the American FTA in this part and the basis of this part. The characteristics of its development are divided into three stages, with a view to let us have a clearer understanding of the general thread of the development of government procurement rules in the US FTA.
The second part: the main body of government procurement in American FTA. Under the circumstances, the main body of the government procurement in the FTA of the United States includes the central procurement entity, the secondary central entity and the government enterprise. Therefore, the article enumerates and sums up the contents of the three categories of the United States FTA, which is based on the representative NAFTA and so on, on this basis, The provisions of the three types of subjects are evaluated and analyzed respectively.
The third part: the object of government procurement in American FTA. This part explains the object of government procurement from the scope of the object of government procurement and the purchase threshold of the object of government procurement. The United States FTA has experienced a certain development and perfection in the scope of the procurement object, including the formation and the two replenishment of the scope of the purchase guest. On the threshold, although the procurement threshold stipulated in the US FTA is not consistent, it also shows a certain regularity. Therefore, this section will explain and analyze the purchasing threshold of some FTA in the United States in the form of the form.
The fourth part: the government procurement procedure in the FTA of the United States. The procedural provisions are the core of the government procurement rules. Therefore, this article is not stall in this part, and the important procedures of the procurement process of the government, such as the bidding procedure of the American FTA, the bidding procedure, the contract granting procedure and the relief program, are the breakthrough points. The process of government procurement in FTA is explained and analyzed.
The fifth part: the Enlightenment of American FTA on the government procurement rules in China's FTA strategy. This part first analyzes the conditions in which China has brought the government procurement rules into China's FTA strategy. Secondly, it puts forward that the government procurement rules will be included in the development of China's FTA or from the perspective of the protection of domestic suppliers. China's FTA strategy is an unavoidable issue. Finally, the article puts forward the strategy of integrating government procurement rules in China's FTA strategy, including careful selection of the object of negotiation, gradual expansion of the main body of government procurement, flexible definition of the object of government procurement, and the improvement of the process of government procurement.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F744;F817.12

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