新疆财政扶贫资金的减贫效果研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 13:29

本文选题：新疆贫困县 + 财政扶贫资金　；参考：《新疆财经大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：贫困是社会动荡和经济波动的根源，是阻碍和谐社会构建的顽疾，如何消除贫困，是目前全世界共同面临的问题。作为发展中国家的中国，人口多，底子薄，自然地理条件、经济基础差异大，反贫困任务艰巨。新疆地处中国内陆腹地，自然条件恶劣，经济基础薄弱，贫困人口众多，贫困覆盖率较大，扶贫任务更加艰巨。政府作为宏观调控的唯一主体是消除贫困的主要承担者，政府的职能也决定着缓解和消除贫困是其必要职责，世界银行在《世界报告》中指出政府的职能分为三种：小职能、中职能、积极职能，其中小职能指政府有保护穷人，制定反贫困计划和消除疾病的职能。新疆在改革开放以来社会经济发展速度逐步提升，特别是西部大开发以及对口援助政策的实施，经济增速更是处于全国前列，新疆政府在取得这样的成绩中发挥着积极的作用，但还应看到目前新疆扶贫任务的艰巨性，特别是南疆三地州连片特困地区贫困状况依然艰巨，政府还需从多个角度找出减贫的最有效办法，以最快最有效的方法缓解消除贫困。财政作为政府宏观调控的工具，是消除贫困的有力武器，财政扶贫也是政府扶贫的主要手段之一，是新疆政府在新时期完成减贫任务的必然选择。扶贫资金的使用是财政扶贫的主要手段，扶贫资金的使用效率影响着扶贫进程，因此，本文的研究具有深刻的理论和现实意义。文章首先从理论意义和现实意义以及国内外研究综述入手，明晰政府扶贫的含义，并结合国内外政府扶贫的研究经验，明确了政府扶贫的作用机理和传导路径；之后结合目前新疆贫困县社会经济发展和政府扶贫资金的现状，从理论和现实两方面找出了新疆扶贫工作中存在的问题和原因：一是贫困地区人民纯收入虽然增速明显但距新疆平均水平有一定差距，贫困地区基础设施建设落后，特别是基础教育以及基本医疗卫生设施建设覆盖率低，难以匹配经济发展的需求；二是贫困地区产业结构不合理，第一、二产业占比较小，，特色经济难以形成规模优势；三是财政扶贫资金投入规模不断增大，但相对于贫困地区GDP的增速偏低，财政扶贫结构中，能够为农民带来更多收入的社会发展投入比例小，科技扶贫投入目前不能直接带来农民收入的直接提升。在分析出问题的前提下利用OLS计量方法，以新疆1994-2013年财政扶贫资金的总量和结构和贫困县农民人均纯收入为指标做实证分析，结果表明：（1）财政扶贫资金投入总量和贫困县农民人均纯收入之间存在长期协整关系，且随着人均公共财政预算支出规模的越来越大，就会越来越能提高贫困县农民人均纯收入水平从而达到减贫效果，即贫困人均公共财政预算支出每增加1%，贫困县的农民人均纯收入就会增加0.55%。（2）无论是生产的发展、社会发展还是基础设施建设支出都与农民人均纯收入呈正向相关关系，且生产发展的投入每增加1%能为贫困县人均纯收入带来0.04%的增长；社会发展的投入每增加1%能为贫困县农民人均收入带来0.1%的增长；基础实施建设的支出每增加1%能为农民人均纯收入带来0.05%的增长；科技扶贫支出的弹性系数为负，说明科技扶贫目前阶段并不能直接给农民带来收入。最后在此基础上，并结合新疆“十二五规划”，提出在政府扶贫工作中应构建政府、企业、非盈利机构以及农民个体四位一体的扶贫机制，加大人力资本的投入力度，重视贫困地区农民职业技术的培训，创新扶贫资金融资渠道，调整贫困地区经济结构和特色产业发展模式，将资源优势转化为经济优势。
[Abstract]:Poverty is the root of social unrest and economic fluctuation. It is a stubborn disease that hinders the construction of a harmonious society. How to eliminate poverty is the common problem facing the whole world. As a developing country, China has a large population, a thin foundation, a natural geographical condition, a large economic base, and a difficult task of anti poverty. Xinjiang is located in the hinterland of China and the natural conditions. Abominable, weak economic base, a large population of poverty, large poverty coverage, and more arduous tasks for poverty alleviation. The government as the only main body of macro regulation is to eliminate the main undertakers of poverty. The functions of the government also determine the necessary responsibility for alleviating and eliminating poverty. The world bank in the world report points out that the functions of the government are divided into three kinds. Small functions, medium functions and positive functions, among which small functions refer to the function of the government to protect the poor, make the anti poverty plan and eliminate the disease. Since the reform and opening up of Xinjiang, the speed of social and economic development has been gradually improved, especially in the western development and the implementation of the counterpart aid policy. The economic growth is in the forefront of the country, and the government of Xinjiang is taking it. This achievement plays a positive role, but we should also see the arduous nature of the task of poverty alleviation in Xinjiang, especially the arduous situation of poverty in the three prefectures and prefectures in southern Xinjiang. The government needs to find out the most effective ways to reduce poverty in many ways, and alleviate poverty by the fastest and most effective method. Finance is the macro regulation of government. The tool is a powerful weapon to eliminate poverty. Financial poverty alleviation is one of the main means of the government's poverty alleviation. It is the inevitable choice for the government of Xinjiang to accomplish the task of reducing poverty in the new period. The use of the poverty alleviation fund is the main means of financial poverty alleviation, and the use efficiency of the poverty alleviation funds affects the process of helping the poor. Therefore, the research of this paper has profound theory. And the real meaning.
The article begins with the theoretical significance and practical significance as well as the domestic and foreign research review, clarifies the meaning of the government's poverty alleviation, and combines the research experience of the government's poverty alleviation at home and abroad, and clarifies the mechanism and transmission path of the government's poverty alleviation, and then combines the present situation of the social and economic development and the government's poverty alleviation funds in the poor counties of Xinjiang. The two aspects of reality have been found out the problems and reasons in the work of poverty alleviation in Xinjiang: first, although the people's pure income in poor areas has a clear gap between the average level of Xinjiang and the poor infrastructure construction, especially the low coverage of basic education and basic medical facilities, it is difficult to match the economic development. The two is that the industrial structure of the poor areas is unreasonable, the first, second industry is relatively small, the characteristic economy is difficult to form the scale advantage, and the three is the increase in the investment scale of the financial aid for poverty, but relative to the low growth rate of the GDP in the poor areas, the social development investment that can bring more income to farmers in the financial poverty alleviation structure is small. On the premise of the analysis of the problems, the total amount and structure of the 1994-2013 year financial aid for poverty in Xinjiang and the per capita net income of the farmers in poor counties are analyzed. The results show that: (1) the total amount of financial aid for poor funds and the farmers in poor counties. There is a long-term co integration relationship between the per capita net income of the people, and with the increasing scale of the per capita public finance budget, it will increase the per capita net income level of the farmers in poor counties to achieve the effect of reducing poverty. That is, the per capita public finance budget of poverty increases by 1%, and the per capita net income of farmers in poor counties will increase by 0.55%. (2). ) whether it is the development of production, social development or infrastructure construction expenditure has a positive correlation with the per capita net income of farmers, and the input of 1% of production and development can bring 0.04% growth for the per capita net income of poor counties, and the investment of 1% for the social development can bring 0.1% growth for the per capita income of the poor county farmers; The increase of 1% of the expenditure for construction can bring 0.05% growth for the per capita net income of farmers, and the elastic coefficient of scientific and technological support for poverty is negative. It shows that the current stage of poverty reduction in science and technology can not bring the income directly to the farmers. On the basis of this, combined with the "12th Five-Year plan" in Xinjiang, the government should be constructed in the government's poverty alleviation work. Industry, non-profit organizations and farmers' individual four body poverty alleviation mechanism, increase the investment of human capital, pay attention to the training of farmers' professional technology in poor areas, innovate the financing channels of poverty alleviation funds, adjust the economic structure and characteristic industry development mode of the poor areas, and transform the resources advantage into economic advantage.
【学位授予单位】：新疆财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F812.7

【参考文献】