财政扶贫资金在乡村分配中扭曲的矫正研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 08:56

本文选题：财政扶贫资金 + 分配扭曲　；参考：《电子科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放后,我国加快推进经济发展,积极施行扶贫政策,我国的扶贫事业初见成效。在此过程中,作为扶贫政策载体的财政扶贫资金发挥了重要作用。“十三五”时期,为了实现全面建成小康社会的目标,政府提出了 “精准扶贫”的阶段性要求,明确提出要转变以往“铺排式”、“面状”的传统扶贫模式,形成精细化的扶贫思想和权责明确、管理规范、运转高效、信息对称的精准扶贫工作机制,这就对财政扶贫资金的分配机制和分配准度提出了更高的要求。然而近年来,学者们发现,在贫困地区内部,财政扶贫资金分配存在着不准确、不公平、不正义的扭曲的现象,虽然这种现象仅是局部的、小范围的,但在这些乡村内部,本该由真正贫困人群享有的财政扶贫资金被少数政治和经济强势群体所占有,这使财政扶贫资金分配与扶贫初始目标相偏离。在这样的背景下,学界沿着财政扶贫资金分配的方向深入探索,由宏观逐渐走向微观。研究显示,虽然我国扶贫资金分配不断强化着目标瞄准,瞄准对象“从县到村”不断完善,但从结果评估来看,扶贫资源分配偏移目标群体的困境却未能彻底改善。一些学者提出我国扶贫瞄准并非单纯陷入技术困境,而是面临着更深层的治理困境。当“贫困”被异化成“稀缺资源”,扶贫资源分配就成了一种治理悖论。基于此,本文将扶贫分配置于乡村治理环节中,将研究的“触角”探入这部分乡村社会,以微观聚焦的方式探查扶贫工作。借助应实然对比分析的科学方法,在对扶贫分配中政府、个体等治理关系梳理的基础上,从政府制度俘获、个体精英俘获与相互作用中寻租三个角度,对乡村财政扶贫资金分配中的扭曲现状进行描述和归纳,并发现了资金分配发生扭曲涉及的三个层次。根据横向上涉及的三方主体和纵向上涉及的三个层次,构建了立体的矫正设计思维模型,为纠正财政扶贫资金乡村分配的偏差,提供了较为完整的思路和对策。具体而言,将贫困地区内部各个层级进行剥离,阐释了现阶段扶贫村内部分层和部分人员角色嬗变的状况,随后深刻挖掘这三种扭曲问题的产生机制、产生条件和诱发因素,继而从三个维度进行梳理和探讨。本文将研究重点放在了扶贫资金分配扭曲的矫正上,重点研究扶贫工作中规制俘获、精英俘获和寻租俘获的矫正,逐一提出了对应的矫正设计,并环环相扣进行论证,最终得出结论,期望以此推进扶贫资金分配的公平、正义和精确。
[Abstract]:After the reform and opening up, our country accelerates the economic development, carries out the poverty alleviation policy actively, our country's poverty alleviation cause is beginning to bear fruit. In this process, as a carrier of poverty-alleviation policy, financial poverty-alleviation funds have played an important role. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, in order to achieve the goal of building a well-to-do society in an all-round way, the government put forward the stage requirement of "precision poverty alleviation" and clearly proposed to change the traditional poverty alleviation model of "laying out" and "surfacing" in the past. To form a precise poverty alleviation mechanism with precise thinking, clear powers and responsibilities, standardized management, efficient operation and symmetrical information, it puts forward higher requirements for the allocation mechanism and allocation accuracy of financial poverty alleviation funds. However, in recent years, scholars have found that the distribution of financial poverty alleviation funds in poor areas is distorted by inaccuracies, unfairness and injustice, although this phenomenon is only partial and small, but within these villages, The financial poverty alleviation funds which should be enjoyed by the real poor people are occupied by a few powerful political and economic groups, which makes the allocation of financial poverty alleviation funds deviate from the initial goal of poverty alleviation. In this context, the academic circles along the direction of financial poverty-alleviation fund allocation in-depth exploration, from macro to micro-level gradually. The research shows that although the allocation of poverty alleviation funds in China is constantly strengthening the target and the target is "from county to village", the plight of the target group of poverty alleviation resource allocation is not completely improved from the evaluation of the results. Some scholars have pointed out that the aim of poverty alleviation in China is not simply to fall into a technical dilemma, but to face a deeper governance dilemma. When "poverty" is alienated into "scarce resources", the allocation of poverty alleviation resources becomes a paradox of governance. Based on this, this paper puts the poverty alleviation distribution in the rural governance, explores the "tentacles" of the research into this part of the rural society, and probes into the poverty alleviation work in a micro-focused way. On the basis of combing the governance relationship between government and individual in the distribution of poverty alleviation, by means of the scientific method that should be compared and analyzed, from three angles of government system capture, individual elite capture and rent-seeking in the interaction, This paper describes and sums up the distorted situation in the distribution of poverty alleviation funds in rural finance, and finds out the three levels involved in the distortion of the distribution of funds. According to the three levels involved in the horizontal and vertical aspects, this paper constructs a three-dimensional thinking model of orthodontic design, which provides a more complete train of thought and countermeasures for correcting the deviation of the rural distribution of financial poverty alleviation funds. In particular, the various levels within the poverty-stricken areas are stripped, explaining the evolution of the roles of some layers and some people in the poverty-stricken villages at the present stage, and then digging deeply into the generation mechanism, conditions and inducing factors of these three kinds of distorted problems. Then from three dimensions to comb and explore. This paper focuses on the correction of the distortion of the distribution of poverty alleviation funds, and focuses on the correction of capture, elite capture and rent-seeking capture in the work of poverty alleviation, and puts forward the corresponding correction design one by one, and proves it from one to the next. The final conclusion is expected to promote equity, justice and accuracy in the distribution of poverty relief funds.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F812.8;F323.8

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