公共转移支付对家庭收入不平等的影响

发布时间：2018-06-26 14:11

本文选题：公共转移支付 + 收入不平等　；参考：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：公共转移支付作为调节收入再分配的一种手段,可能会对家庭收入产生直接和间接影响。那么,中国的公共转移支付制度是把我国的贫富差距拉大了还是缩小了呢?是否改善了低收入人群的收入呢?是否应该对现阶段的社会福利体系进行相应的调整以降低收入不平等呢?研究公共转移支付对家庭收入不平等的影响不仅能为公共转移支付对于不平等的影响提供新的经验证据,亦能为政府在制定反贫困、调节收入不平等政策时提供一定的理论依据,也能为在宏观层面研究转移支付与收入不平等的关系时提供微观旁证。本文主要包括五部分：第一章为绪论,主要介绍论文所要研究的问题、相关概念界定以及研究创新与不足。第二章为文献综述,主要介绍了相关收入分配理论、转移支付的相关理论以及我国关于收入不平等的研究进展。第三章为模型选择,主要介绍收入决定方程以及夏普利值分解。第四章为实证分析,首先对中国健康与养老追踪调查问卷进行整理,然后对家庭公共转移支付收入、家庭特征变量、家庭收入等变量进行样本的描述性统计。其次是实证分析,建立回归方程,分析户主变量(户主受教育程度、年龄、健康状况),家庭特征变量(家庭劳动率、金融资产、土地、家用电器),家庭公共转移支付收入对家庭收入的影响。通过回归方程再进行夏普利值分解,观察各个变量对家庭收入不平等的贡献值。另外,根据东部、中西部,城乡分组分析各个变量对家庭收入不平的贡献值。第五章为结论及建议,从实证分析结论出发,针对我国家庭间的收入不平等提出相应建议。实证结果显示：公共转移支付对家庭收入不平等的解释程度达到37.99%,中国的公共转移支付并没有减轻家庭间收入的不平等而是加剧了家庭间的收入不平等。出现这种结果的可能原因是：公共转移支付往往瞄准的是拥有正规工作的就业人群,并没有真正的覆盖到贫困家庭或者弱势群体。另外,从分析结果来看,户主受教育程度为影响家庭收入不平等的第二大要素,对家庭间收入差距的解释程度达到8.63%。资本市场的扩大对我国家庭间收入不平等的作用日益增强,金融资产等财产性收入已成为仅次于工资、公共转移支付收入,影响家庭间收入不平等的第三大因素。从东部与中西部、城乡分组来看,公共转移支付对家庭间收入不平等的解释程度中西部地区要大于东部地区,农村地区要大于城市地区。出现上述结果的原因可能是由于中西部、农村地区经济发展相对落后,拥有正规工作的人群相对较少,而东部、城市地区经济相对发达,国企等正规企事业单位数量明显高于中西部以及农村地区,拥有正规工作的人群相对较多,公共转移支付涉及的人群相对较多所致。
[Abstract]:As a means of regulating income redistribution, public transfer payment may have direct and indirect effects on household income. So, does China's public transfer payment system widen or narrow the gap between the rich and the poor? Has it improved the incomes of low-income people? Should the current social welfare system be adjusted accordingly to reduce income inequality? Studying the impact of public transfer payment on household income inequality can not only provide new empirical evidence for the impact of public transfer payment on inequality, but also can help the government to formulate anti-poverty. The adjustment of income inequality policy provides some theoretical basis and provides microscopic circumstantial evidence for the study of the relationship between transfer payment and income inequality at the macro level. This paper mainly includes five parts: the first chapter is the introduction, which mainly introduces the problems to be studied, the definition of relevant concepts, and the innovation and insufficiency of the research. The second chapter is a literature review, mainly introduces the related income distribution theory, transfer payment theory and the research progress of income inequality in China. The third chapter is the model selection, mainly introduces the income determinant equation and Sharpley value decomposition. The fourth chapter is empirical analysis, first of all, the Chinese health and old-age tracking questionnaire is sorted out, and then the sample descriptive statistics on the family public transfer payment income, family characteristic variables, family income and other variables are carried out. The second is empirical analysis, the establishment of regression equations, analysis of the head of household variables (head of household education, age, health status), family characteristics variables (household labor rate, financial assets, land, Household appliances), the impact of family income on household income from public transfer payments. Then the regression equation was decomposed to observe the contribution of variables to household income inequality. In addition, according to the eastern, central and western, urban and rural groups analyze the contribution of various variables to household income inequality. The fifth chapter is the conclusion and the suggestion, from the empirical analysis conclusion, puts forward the corresponding suggestion to the income inequality between the families in our country. The empirical results show that the public transfer payment explains the inequality of household income to 37.99 degree, and the public transfer payment in China does not alleviate the inequality of income between families, but exacerbates the income inequality among families. The likely reason for this is that public transfer payments tend to target people with regular jobs and do not really reach poor families or vulnerable groups. In addition, from the analysis results, the education level of the head of household is the second factor that affects the income inequality of the household, and the explanation of the income gap between families reaches 8.63. The expansion of capital market plays an increasingly important role in income inequality among families in China. Property income, such as financial assets, has become the third major factor affecting income inequality among households, which is second only to wages, public transfer payment income and so on. From the perspective of the eastern, central and western regions and urban and rural groups, the extent of the explanation of income inequality between families in the central and western regions is greater in the central and western regions than in the eastern regions, and in the rural areas is larger than that in the urban areas. The reasons for this may be that the economic development of the central and western regions, the rural areas are relatively backward, the number of people with formal jobs is relatively small, while the eastern and urban areas have relatively developed economies. The number of formal enterprises and institutions such as state-owned enterprises is obviously higher than that of the central and western regions and rural areas, the number of people with formal work is relatively large, and the number of people involved in public transfer payment is relatively more.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F812.45;F124.7

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