财政分权下工业废气排放的理论分析与实证研究

发布时间：2018-11-26 18:10

【摘要】：环境污染作为我国经济增长过程中长期相伴的问题,已经成为阻碍我国可持续发展的一大因素。近年来日益猖獗的大气污染已经波及全国各地的大中小城市,“坚决打好蓝天保卫战”也表明了中央政府的坚定决心。我国正在经济转型的重要阶段,更应该重视环境问题,实现绿色增长。而废气污染作为目前大气污染的最主要类型,在相关研究中尚未得到充分重视,本文认为基于废气的特殊性,有必要对其进行专门的研究。而要深刻理解废气污染产生的根源和治理的关键,就必须在相关制度背景下来考察。中国式财政分权是理解我国经济和政治体制的基础,它表现为经济分权和政治集权,这两者的结合就形成了经济和政治的双重激励,导致地方政府竞争愈演愈烈。虽然在改革开放初期地方政府竞争使得各地经济迅速发展,拉动了中国整体经济增长,但是这种单一发展目标的模式不可避免的带来了资源浪费、环境污染和生态破坏;同时,分税制下相伴的中央转移支付制度也因自身的不完善而存在很多问题,导致中央转移支付不仅没有大气污染治理上发挥应有的作用,也没有在缩小地区间财政能力差异上达到预想的目标。因此,本文就在总结与创新的基础上,提出财政分权影响废气排放的两个途径,即中央转移支付和地方政府竞争,并在理论分析之后进行实证检验。本文通过30个省份2006-2015年10年的面板数据,检验了财政分权通过地方政府竞争和中央转移支付对废气排放的影响。实证结果表明,虽然地方也关注到大气质量在提升地方竞争力上的作用,但是财政分权下的地方政府竞争仍然主要表现为对GDP的竞争,使得废气排放增多;同样,中央转移支付对地方财政的竞争性分配也带来一定程度的环境保护投入的增加,但是中央转移支付制度自身的缺陷使得这种对废气排放的抑制作用没有得到充分发挥。通过对财政分权下废气排放的理论分析和实证检验,本文从三个方面提出了政策建议。首先,对中央和地方政府的具体职能进一步明确和细分,建立有效激励机制,使得政府的环保职能得到履行;其次,完善中央转移支付制度,建立科学严格的审批和拨付制度;最后,完善法律制度保障,严格公正执法,同时丰富公众参与和舆论监督的渠道和途径。
[Abstract]:Environmental pollution, as a long-term concomitant problem in the process of economic growth in China, has become a major factor hindering the sustainable development of our country. The increasingly rampant air pollution in recent years has spread to large, medium and small cities across the country, and the "fight against the blue sky" has also shown the central government's firm determination. Our country is in the important stage of economic transformation, should pay more attention to the environment problem, realize green growth. However, as the most important type of air pollution, exhaust gas pollution has not been paid enough attention to in the relevant research. This paper thinks that it is necessary to make a special study on exhaust gas because of its particularity. In order to understand the origin of exhaust gas pollution and the key to control it, we must examine it under the background of relevant system. Chinese fiscal decentralization is the basis of understanding China's economic and political system. It is manifested in economic decentralization and political centralization. The combination of the two forms a dual incentive of economy and politics, which leads to the fierce competition of local governments. Although in the early stage of reform and opening up, local government competition made the local economy develop rapidly, driving the overall economic growth of China, but this single development goal inevitably brought waste of resources, environmental pollution and ecological destruction. At the same time, the central transfer payment system accompanied by the tax sharing system also has many problems due to its own imperfections, which leads to the central transfer payment not only not playing its due role in the control of air pollution. Nor has it achieved the desired goal of narrowing regional disparities in fiscal capacity. Therefore, on the basis of summing up and innovating, this paper puts forward two ways for fiscal decentralization to influence emissions, that is, central transfer payment and local government competition, and makes an empirical test after theoretical analysis. Based on panel data of 30 provinces from 2006 to 2015, this paper examines the effects of fiscal decentralization on emissions through local government competition and central transfer payments. The empirical results show that, although local governments also pay attention to the role of atmospheric quality in enhancing local competitiveness, the competition of local governments under fiscal decentralization is still mainly the competition of GDP, which makes the emission of exhaust gas increase. Similarly, the competitive allocation of central transfer payment to local finance also leads to an increase in environmental protection input to a certain extent, but the defects of the central transfer payment system make the inhibition of exhaust gas emissions not fully played. Based on the theoretical analysis and empirical test of emission under fiscal decentralization, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions from three aspects. Firstly, the specific functions of the central and local governments should be further clarified and subdivided, and an effective incentive mechanism should be established so that the environmental protection functions of the government can be fulfilled; secondly, the central transfer payment system should be improved, and a scientific and strict examination and approval and disbursement system should be established. Finally, perfect the legal system guarantee, strictly and impartially enforce the law, at the same time enrich the channels and ways of public participation and public opinion supervision.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X701;F812.2

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