政府购买服务中的沉没成本“二难命题”及其对策

发布时间：2018-03-13 05:17

本文选题：购买服务　切入点：市场化　出处：《华南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：随着中国社会步入转型期,公共服务领域也逐步开始向市场化转型。但在转型过程中,市场化引发了诸多问题。根据交易成本理论分析,造成这些外部性问题的原因在于购买服务中沉没成本的"二难命题"。在该二难命题中,一方面,受托方受资产专用性、柠檬市场之困扰,产生沉没成本;另一方面,政府为避免上述问题,采用了长期契约、市场介入等手段,却又遭遇契约不完全性、路径依赖之困扰,被迫承担转嫁之沉没成本。因此,政府干预公共服务市场后,沉没成本的问题其实并未被消除,而是从受托人转嫁给了委托人。通过分析问题之根源,发现政府行动策略选择之失误,即以行政手段代替市场的治理手段是浅层病灶。而造成这一浅层病灶之深层根源则在于政府抽离委托代理关系之双层架构,令其从"公众—政府—受托组织"之复合式结构简化为"政府—受托组织"之单层结构。受此影响,社会力量无法参与到市场治理之中,而政府所依赖之行政力量又不契合公共服务之市场化结构,从而导致沉没成本之"二难命题"。为了解决这一问题,政府应从社会、市场、法制三个方面同时推动改革,从而形成一个全新的公共服务市场治理"三位一体"整体架构。
[Abstract]:With the transition of Chinese society, the field of public service has gradually begun to transform to marketization. However, in the process of transformation, marketization has caused many problems. The reason for these externalities lies in the "difficult proposition" of sunk cost in the purchase of services. In this proposition, on the one hand, the client is troubled by asset specificity and the lemon market, resulting in sunk costs; on the other hand, In order to avoid the above problems, the government has adopted long-term contract, market intervention and other means, but also encountered contract incompleteness, path dependence, forced to bear the sunk cost of transfer. Therefore, after government intervention in the public service market, The problem of sunk cost has not actually been eliminated, but has been passed on from the trustee to the principal. By analyzing the root of the problem, we find that the government has made a mistake in choosing its strategy for action. That is, the administrative means instead of the market are shallow lesions, and the underlying cause of this shallow lesion lies in the government pulling away the two-tier structure of the principal-agent relationship. That simplifies it from a "public-government-fiduciary" composite structure to a "government-fiduciary" monolayer structure. As a result, social forces are unable to participate in market governance. In order to solve this problem, the government should promote the reform from three aspects: the society, the market and the legal system. Thus forming a brand-new public service market governance "trinity" overall framework.
【作者单位】：华南师范大学公共管理学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金青年项目“政府购买公共服务的‘公共性流失’问题及其对策研究”(15czz026)
【分类号】：F812.45;D630

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