政策范式视阈下政府多源流政策议程设置研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 23:15

本文选题：政策范式　切入点：多源流理论　出处：《湖南师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：政策议程是整个政策过程的逻辑起点,政策议程的开启意味着某一社会问题上升到政策问题的高度,意味着政府决定运用手中有限的资源来加以解决这一政策问题。因此,政策议程的设置具有牵一发而动全身的作用。从决策角度上看,整个政策过程大致有两个决策点,一个是“前决策”点,一个是“后决策”点。前者位于社会问题和政策问题之间,即决定何种社会问题要被列为政策问题,进入政府议事日程;后者存在于政策规划和政策决策之间,即在众多解决方案之间要做出一个最终决策,这个最终决策就是我们所说的政策。政策科学发展至今,对于“后决策”的研究有很多,但是“前决策”研究似乎寥寥无几,“前决策”在人们眼中就似乎是一个“黑箱”。本文的目的就在于打开“黑箱”,探索政府为什么决定选择这个问题来加以解决而不选择其他问题。从历史发展的脉络上看,政策议程研究发展大致需经历两个社会阶段,相应会产生两种政策议程设置范式。两个阶段分别是管制型社会和治理型社会,在这两种社会下产生的两种范式分别是管制型(封闭型)政策议程设置范式和治理型政策议程设置范式。本文将首先对管制型议程设置范式进行描述性和规范性分析,随后将对治理型议程设置范式展开详尽论述,在此选择美国政策学家约翰·金登提出的多源流理论作为治理型议程设置范式的理论基石。金登的理论主要基于三个源流:问题源流、政策源流和政治源流。通俗来讲,问题源流聚焦的是政策问题的实质,它主要是指危机事件,通过对危机事件的研究来将具体的社会问题概念化为政策问题。政策源流考虑的是政策问题解决的技术可行性、技术可运用性以及公众对于解决方案的可接受程度等方面。为了增强多源流理论的理论说服力和实践适用性,本研究运用了案例分析的方法,选取的案例是我国劳动教养制度的终结,通过对我国终结劳教制度这一案例的多源流解读,一方面是将多源流理论“中国化”,另一方面,也是扩充和丰富多源流理论的具体内涵。通过对多源流理论的描述性分析、规范性分析和实证分析后,本文的落脚点是运用多源流理论来推进我国政策议程设置的优化。对此,本文也是基于多源流的视角,从问题源流、政策源流和政治源流三者的角度来探析推进路径,整体推进的逻辑思路是从事件本身——外界参与——政治氛围这样一个从微观到宏观的思路,即首先要完善问题触发机制,其次要鼓励政策主体参与,再次是塑造良好政治氛围,最后是推动多源流耦合这样一个层层深入、逐级展开的基本路径。本文通过对于多源流理论的全面、深入、系统的研究,将对我国政府政策议程设置的合理化提供理论支撑和建设性意见,进一步推进我国政策决策的科学化、民主化进程。
[Abstract]:The policy agenda is the logical starting point of the whole policy process. The opening of the policy agenda means that a certain social problem rises to the height of the policy problem, which means that the government decides to use the limited resources in hand to solve the policy problem.Therefore, the setting of policy agenda has the function of pulling the hair and moving the whole body.From the decision point of view, the whole policy process has two decision points, one is "pre-decision" point, the other is "post-decision" point.The former lies between social and policy issues, that is, deciding which social issues are to be listed as policy issues and on the government's agenda; the latter lies between policy planning and policy decision-making.That is, to make a final decision between many solutions, this final decision is what we call policy.Since the development of policy science, there have been a lot of researches on "post-decision", but the study of "pre-decision" seems to be very few, and "pre-decision" seems to be a "black box" in people's eyes.The purpose of this paper is to open the black box and explore why the government has chosen to solve this problem over other problems.From the perspective of historical development, the research and development of policy agenda need to go through two social stages, which will result in two policy agenda setting paradigms.The two stages are the regulatory society and the governing society, and the two paradigms are the regulatory (closed) policy agenda setting paradigm and the governance policy agenda setting paradigm.This paper will first describe and analyze the regulatory agenda setting paradigm, and then discuss the governance agenda setting paradigm in detail.In this paper, the multi-source theory proposed by American policy scientist John Kinden is chosen as the theoretical cornerstone of the governance agenda setting paradigm.Kingden's theory is mainly based on three sources: problem, policy and politics.Generally speaking, the source of the problem focuses on the essence of the policy problem, which mainly refers to the crisis event. Through the study of the crisis event, the concrete social problem is conceptualized into the policy problem.The policy source considers the technical feasibility of policy problem solving, the availability of technology and the acceptance of the solution by the public.In order to enhance the theoretical persuasion and practical applicability of the multi-source theory, this study uses the method of case analysis. The selected case is the end of the re-education through labor system in China, through the multi-source interpretation of the case of ending the re-education through labor system in China.On the one hand, the theory of multi-source is "Chinese", on the other hand, it also expands and enriches the concrete connotation of multi-source theory.Through the descriptive analysis, normative analysis and empirical analysis of the multi-source theory, this paper focuses on the application of the multi-source theory to promote the optimization of the policy agenda setting in China.This article is also based on the perspective of multi-source, from the perspective of problem source, policy source and political origin to explore the path of advancement.The logical thinking of the overall advancement is from the event itself-the outside participation-the political atmosphere, which is from micro to macro, that is, to improve the issue trigger mechanism, and secondly to encourage the policy subject to participate.The third is to create a good political atmosphere, and finally to promote the multi-source coupling such a layer by layer, step by step development of the basic path.Through the comprehensive, in-depth and systematic study of the multi-source theory, this paper will provide theoretical support and constructive advice for the rationalization of the government's policy agenda, and further promote the process of scientific and democratic policy decision-making in China.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D63

【相似文献】