治理现代化视域下社会治理模式创新研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 06:02

  本文选题：治理现代化 + 社会治理　； 参考：《山东大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：本论文基于治理现代化视角,在梳理中西方治理理论及治理经验的基础上,选取广东顺德、浙江宁波和山东新泰社会治理模式创新为研究对象,运用实证研究方法,深入探讨三种社会治理模式创新的特点和价值,就当前和今后一个时期如何加强和创新中国社会治理工作的理论与实践问题提出自己的观点。导论主要介绍了选题的背景：当前从中央到地方都高度重视社会治理创新,并从理论和实践上作了很多有益的探索。新形势下,中国社会由“管理”到“治理”转变遇到一系列困难和问题,要求我们用创新的思维和手段加强这方面的工作,积极维护社会和谐稳定,推动经济社会科学发展；接下来分析了本文的理论和实践意义；最后介绍了以实证为主、多种手段相结合的研究方法,指出了本论文研究的创新与不足之处。第一章对治理现代化作为中国治理模式创新的理论研究框架进行了分析,首先对治理、社会治理、社会治理模式等核心概念进行了辨析和界定；其次对治理现代化即国家治理体系现代化和治理能力现代化的涵义进行了阐释,并梳理了国家治理体系和国家治理能力二者之间的关系；最后着重分析了治理现代化对社会治理模式创新的指导意义。第二章分析了本论文的理论基础,首先阐述了马克思主义经典作家社会治理的思想,继而研究了中国社会主义建设时期毛泽东社会治理的思想和中国特色社会主义理论的社会治理思想；其次从三个方面展开分析了治理理论的兴起和发展,其一是西方治理理论的兴起与应用,其二是通过对中西差异的分析,明确治理理论在中国发展的困境,其三是分析如何立足于当代中国实践的基础之上,以西方国家治理经验的“他山之石”,攻中国社会治理模式创新之“玉”；最后回顾了中国古代社会治理的思想和实践,挖掘出其中蕴含的现代治理价值。第三章研究了新中国成立以来我国社会管理与社会治理的发展轨迹。本章在社会主义的体制框架下分析中华人民共和国成立至今在社会管理和社会治理领域里的制度变迁,阐述了新中国社会管理和社会治理体制和实践的发展历程,分析当前社会管理和社会治理发展中面临的问题及其原因。本章把新中国成立以来60年的社会管理和社会治理的发展分为五个阶段：第一阶段是从1949年到1957年,从新中国成立初期到实施对“旧社会”的改造和开始“新社会”的建设,社会管理方面的主要任务是稳定和巩固政权；第二阶段是1958年到1977年,在这一阶段,中国建立起一整套和指令性计划经济体制相匹配的社会管理制度,初步建立起社会主义的社会管理体系,其特点是指令性计划体制下的社会管理一律由政府来配置资源,社会就是政府的“下级”；第三阶段是1978年到1992年,这是中国改革开放的初期,计划经济体制遗留下来的行政化社会管理方式开始面临越来越大的挑战,社会管理明显处于不适应和调整摸索的过程之中；第四阶段是1993年到2002年,1992年召开的党的十四大确立了建立社会主义市场经济体制的改革目标,影响了社会管理体制的转型,政府再分配职能弱化,出现了社会管理制度建设滞后于社会经济发展的现象；第五阶段是2003年至今,随着社会主义市场经济体制的基本确立和不断完善,中国的社会管理和社会治理进入了新的发展阶段,改革深化到社会管理领域,社会差别和社会公平性问题日益突出,一个党、政、企业、社会组织和公民个人共同参与社会治理的新体制正在建立之中。第四章以广东顺德、浙江宁波和山东新泰社会治理创新试点工作为研究对象,阐述了社会治理创新的背景、指导思想和目标,分析了社会治理工作取得的阶段性成效和存在的问题。广东顺德通过“大部制改革”、“简政强镇”的事权改革和行政审批制度改革,形成了“确权规权”的地方社会治理模式,其实质是治理结构的有限重构,其历史定位在于它是“产权改革”与“政权改革”之间的中介,其实践意义不仅在于为顺德实现经济社会转型破除了体制性障碍,更重要的是为全国深化改革提供了示范样本,探索了一条从“产权改革”到“治权改革”的改革路线。浙江宁波作为我国市场经济的先发地区和对外开放的前沿地区,经过多年努力,在社会治理领域开创出了独具特色的以81890公共信息服务平台为典型的“政府搭台、市场运作、社会参与”的“政民互动”的地方社会治理模式,即政府负担81890公共平台的运营成本,搭建服务载体,负责公共服务的规划、组织、协调和监管,无偿为市民、企业提供全方位、全天候、全程式的服务；而加盟企业、志愿者、非营利机构与政府机构等则负责服务供给。显示出宁波市逐渐突破传统的管理理念,形成了以需求和问题为导向,以社会多元参与为特征的社会治理理念,开辟了社会治理的新视野,为社会治理增添了理性的份量。山东新泰市逐步摸索创造出政府和社会组织携手的“合作共治”的地方社会治理模式,成立新泰市社会管理服务中心,以社区网格化管理为支撑,体制内实行综治部门一体化办公,体制外依托平安协会协同社会力量,建立起“三互九联”工作机制,形成党委领导下的政府管理服务与社会组织自我管理服务良性互动新格局,促进社会的良性治理和平安和谐发展。以上三个地区社会治理模式创新的案例反映了当前中国社会治理模式创新的五个特点,即社会治理的主体由“一元”向“多元”转变；社会治理的向度由“单向”向“互动”转变;社会治理的本质由“集权”向“分权”转变；社会治理的观念由“传统”向“现代”转变；社会治理的方式由“人治”向“法治”转变。第五章分析了美国、新加坡、英国和中国香港等国家和地区的社会治理的实践及其对中国的启示,其中美国社会治理的特点是在政府流程再造的基础上,积极培育社会中介组织,充分发挥社会的参与力量,激发全民的参与热情,形成一种政府、社会和公民互动的政社关系；新加坡的社会治理注重以人为本,遵照严格的法律规章,打造廉洁高效的服务型政府,通过搭建现代化的电子政务平台,实现无缝隙的社会治理；以英国为代表的西欧国家,通过政府内部的多次改革,逐步实现分权和权力下放,充分调动地方政府、社会企业、非营利组织和公民的积极性,激发市场活力,形成了社会治理中的主体多元化；而中国的香港地区自回归以来,在社会治理中改变传统的政府主导地位,转为社会本位,将政府职能限定在为社会服务上,提倡以市场为主导,以顾客为导向,坚持让公众满意为宗旨的原则,引导社会组织参与社会治理,共同建立“小政府、大社会、大市场”的治理模式。因此,借鉴西方国家治理经验,推进我国社会治理模式创新,提高各级政府管理社会的能力和水平,具有十分重要意义。第六章在案例的研究基础上,推衍出具有一定普遍意义的加强和创新中国社会治理的路径选择,即以治理体系多元和治理能力提升为目标诉求,用法治思维和服务理念谋求良治,建设公开透明回应性的责任政府,由政府管制向多元合作共治转变,重塑基层权力结构增强社会自治能力,实现被动服务向主动规范服务转变,以客户为中心再造社会治理流程。
[Abstract]:Based on the perspective of governance modernization, this paper, on the basis of combing Chinese and western governance theory and governance experience, selects the innovation of social governance model in Shunde, Zhejiang, Ningbo and Xintai of Shandong as the research object, and uses empirical research methods to explore the new characteristics and values of the three social governance models, with regard to the present and the future period. How to strengthen and innovate the theory and practice of Chinese social governance is put forward. Introduction mainly introduces the background of the topic: at present, we attach great importance to the innovation of social governance from the central to the local, and make a lot of beneficial exploration in theory and practice. Under the new situation, the Chinese society is from "management" to "governance". It meets a series of difficulties and problems, and requires us to strengthen the work in this field with innovative thinking and means, actively maintain social harmony and stability, and promote the development of economic and social science. Then it analyzes the theoretical and practical significance of this article. Finally, it introduces the research method based on empirical and multiple means, and points out this paper. The first chapter analyzes the theoretical research framework of governance modernization as the innovation of China's governance model. First, it analyzes and defines the core concepts of governance, social governance and social governance mode, and secondly, the culvert for modernization of governance system and the modernization of governance capacity. The meaning is explained, and the relationship between the state governance system and the two parties of the state governance ability is combed. Finally, the guiding significance of the governance modernization to the innovation of the social governance model is emphatically analyzed. The second chapter analyses the theoretical basis of this thesis, and first expounds the thought of the social governance of the Marx doctrine writers, and then studies the theory. In the period of socialist construction in China, the thought of Mao Zedong's social governance and the social governance thought of the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics; secondly, the rise and development of the governance theory are analyzed from three aspects. One is the rise and application of the western governance theory, and the other is the analysis of the differences between China and the West and the definition of the governance theory in China. The plight of the exhibition is to analyze the "stone" based on the practice of contemporary China and the "stone of other mountains" in the western countries' governance experience to attack the "jade" of the Chinese social governance model. Finally, it reviews the thought and practice of Chinese ancient social governance and excavates the value of modern governance. The third chapter studies the new middle school. In the framework of socialist system, this chapter analyses the institutional changes in the field of social management and social governance in People's Republic of China, expounds the development process of the social management and social governance system and practice in the new China, and analyzes the current social management in the framework of the socialist system. This chapter divides the social management and social governance in 60 years since the founding of new China into five stages: the first stage is from 1949 to 1957, from the beginning of the founding of the new China to the implementation of the transformation of the "old society" and the construction of the "new society", and the social management. The main task is to stabilize and consolidate the political power; the second stage is from 1958 to 1977. At this stage, China has established a complete set of social management systems that match the mandatory planned economic system, and initially established a socialist social management system. Its characteristic is that the social management under the commanding plan is configured by the government. Resources, the society is the "lower level" of the government; the third stage is from 1978 to 1992. This is the initial stage of China's reform and opening up. The administrative mode of administrative social management left by the planned economic system is facing more and more challenges. The social management is obviously in the process of not adapting and adjusting. The fourth stage is from 1993 to 2002. In 1992, the party's Fourteenth Congress established the goal of establishing a socialist market economic system, affecting the transformation of the social management system, the weakening of the government's redistribution function and the phenomenon of social management system construction lagging behind the social and economic development; the fifth stage was the socialist market economy system from 2003 to the present. The basic establishment and continuous improvement of China's social management and social governance have entered a new stage of development, and the reform has been deepened into the field of social management. The problems of social and social equity are becoming increasingly prominent. A new system of party, government, enterprise, social organization and individual participation in social governance is being established. The fourth chapter is in Guangdong. Shunde, Zhejiang Ningbo and Shandong Xintai social governance innovation pilot work as the research object, elaborated the social governance innovation background, guiding ideology and goal, analyzed the social governance work achieved the stage effect and the existing problems. Guangdong Shunde through the "major system reform", "simple government strong town" the power reform and administrative examination and approval The reform of the system has formed the local social governance model of "the right and the rule". Its essence is the limited reconfiguration of the governance structure. Its historical position is that it is the intermediary between "property rights reform" and "political reform". Its practical significance is not only to break the institutional barriers for the economic and social transformation of Shunde, but also to the whole country. The deepening of the reform has provided a demonstration sample and explored a reform route from "property right reform" to "governance reform". As a leading area of China's market economy and the frontier of opening to the outside world, Zhejiang Ningbo has created a unique feature of the 81890 public information service platform in the field of social governance after years of efforts. The "government platform, market operation, social participation" in the "political and people interaction" local social governance model, that is, the government burden 81890 public platform operating costs, build service carriers, responsible for public service planning, organization, coordination and supervision, free of charge for the public, enterprises all round, all weather, the whole program service; and join the enterprise, Volunteers, non-profit organizations and government institutions are responsible for the service supply. It shows that the city of Ningbo has gradually broken through the traditional management concept, forming a social governance concept characterized by demand and problems and social pluralism, which has opened up a new vision of social governance and added rational weight to social governance. Xintai City of Shandong is a city. Step by step creates a local social governance model of "cooperation and co governance" between the government and the social organization, and establishes the social management service center of Xintai, which is supported by the community grid management. The system implements the integrated administration of the comprehensive governance department in the system, and the system is supported by the peace association and the society. The "three mutually nine joint" work mechanism is established. The new pattern of benign interaction between government management service and social organization self management service under the leadership of the Party committee, promoting the benign governance of the society and the peaceful and harmonious development of the society. The case of the innovation of the social governance model in the three regions reflects the five characteristics of the innovation of the current Chinese social governance mode, namely the main body of the social governance is "one yuan" The orientation of social governance changes from "one-way" to "interaction", the essence of social governance changes from "centralization" to "decentralization", and the concept of social governance changes from "traditional" to "modern", and the way of social governance is transformed from "rule of man" to "rule of law". The fifth chapter analyses the United States, Singapore, and Britain. The practice of social governance in countries and regions, such as Hongkong and China, and Its Enlightenment to China, among which the characteristics of American social governance are to cultivate social intermediary organizations actively on the basis of government process reengineering, give full play to the participation of the society, stimulate the enthusiasm of the people, and form a government, social and citizen interaction. The social governance of Singapore pays attention to the people-oriented, according to the strict laws and regulations, to build a clean and efficient service government, through the construction of a modern e-government platform to achieve seamless social governance; the Western European countries represented by the UK, through many reforms within the government, gradually realize decentralization and decentralization. The initiative of local governments, social enterprises, non-profit organizations and citizens has been mobilized to stimulate the vitality of the market and form the main diversity in the social governance. Since the Hongkong region of China has changed the traditional government leading position in the social governance since the return of the society, the government's function is limited to social services, and the government is advocated to serve the society. Market oriented, customer oriented, adhere to the principle of public satisfaction, guide social organizations to participate in social governance, and jointly establish "small government, big society, big market" governance model. Therefore, draw lessons from western national governance experience, promote the innovation of social governance model in China, and improve the ability and level of government management at all levels, The sixth chapter is of great significance. On the basis of the case study, the author pushes out the path choice of strengthening and innovating the social governance of China with a certain universal significance, that is, the objective demands of the pluralism of the governance system and the improvement of the governance ability, the use of the thinking and service concept of the governance and the construction of a transparent and transparent responsiveness of the responsible government. The government control changes to multi cooperation and co governance, reshaping the basic power structure to enhance the ability of social autonomy, transforming the passive service into the active standard of service, and reconstructing the social governance process with the customer centered.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D630
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本文编号：1846510