生态文明视角下的政府绩效评价研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 18:24

本文选题：政府绩效 + 生态文明　；参考：《山东财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：2012年11月,党的“十八大”报告中提出,建设中国特色社会主义,总布局是经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设“五位一体”。相比“十七大”上提出的经济、政治、文化、社会建设“四位一体”,开创性地将生态文明建设纳入社会主义建设新重点,这对政府工作提出了新要求,对政府绩效的评价也应该相应地将生态文明建设纳入其范围之内。目前我国关于政府绩效管理理论的研究成果已初具规模,但是生态文明建设作为新时期建设社会主义新要求,将其与政府绩效评价相结合的理论研究还比较薄弱。本文意在通过构建实施生态文明建设下的政府绩效评价体系,激励、促进和规范政府向公众和社会提供优质高效的环境服务,并在更高层次上对政府部门履行构建“五位一体”的社会主义责任情况进行监督和评价,从而保证经济、社会的健康可持续发展。通过对我国政府绩效发展过程的分析,可以将其划分为四个阶段:中央集权阶段、目标导向阶段、效能建设阶段以及政府绩效评价阶段。分析各个阶段的不足之处有助于日后政府绩效评价的不断完善。本文主要通过构建DEA模型研究生态文明视角下的政府绩效评价。DEA是一种可以处理多投入、多产出的方法,因其无需事先确定投入产出指标的权重,可避免主观因素的影响,因此在非营利组织绩效评价中得到迅速推广。本文考虑生态文明建设的要求,结合指标选取的原则,选定节能环保财政支出,水利、环境和公共设施管理就业人数、电力消费量为政府的投入指标,以国家统计局公布的涵盖经济发展、民生改善、社会发展、生态建设、科技创新等方面的全国各地区发展与民生指数(DLI)作为产出指标,收集2013年全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)相关数据,运用数据包络分析(DEA)方法对其进行实证分析,得出政府投入的技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率与规模报酬情况,并通过投影分析计算各项投入的冗余率,为政府的改进工作提供建议。总体而言,全国31个省级政府的政府绩效水平存在一定程度的差异,这是由于部分发达省份各项体制机制较为完善,能更好地利用政府投入的资源服务社会,而部分省份在政府投入的使用效率方面存在欠缺,没有获得预期的产出结果与效果。因此,本文认为,用较少的财政、人员、能源投入达到更好的效果是政府工作的目标之一,具体应该从三个方面提高生态文明建设背景下的政府绩效水平:合理规范财政支出,提高财政投入使用效率;合理配置人力资源,提高公务人员流动性;严格控制能源消耗,推进节能环保工作。
[Abstract]:In November 2012, the report of the 18th National Congress of the CPC put forward that the overall layout of building socialism with Chinese characteristics is economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction and ecological civilization construction. Compared with the "four-in-one" economic, political, cultural and social construction proposed at the Seventeenth National Congress, the construction of ecological civilization has been brought into the new focus of socialist construction in a groundbreaking way, which has put forward new requirements for government work. The evaluation of government performance should also include the construction of ecological civilization within its scope. At present, the research results on the theory of government performance management have taken shape in our country, but the construction of ecological civilization as a new requirement of building socialism in the new period, the theoretical research of combining it with the evaluation of government performance is still relatively weak. The purpose of this paper is to promote and standardize the government to provide high quality and efficient environmental services to the public and society by constructing the government performance evaluation system under the construction of ecological civilization. In order to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of economy and society, the government departments should be supervised and evaluated to carry out the socialist responsibility of constructing "five in one" at a higher level. Through the analysis of the development process of Chinese government performance, it can be divided into four stages: centralization stage, goal-oriented stage, efficiency construction stage and government performance evaluation stage. The analysis of the deficiencies of each stage is helpful to the continuous improvement of the government performance evaluation in the future. This paper mainly studies the government performance evaluation under the perspective of ecological civilization by constructing DEA model. DEA is a method that can deal with multiple inputs and outputs, because it does not need to determine the weights of input and output indexes in advance, so it can avoid the influence of subjective factors. Therefore, the performance evaluation of non-profit organizations has been rapidly promoted. In this paper, considering the requirements of ecological civilization construction and combining the principle of index selection, we select the expenditure of energy saving and environmental protection, water conservancy, environment and public facilities management employment, electricity consumption as the government input index. Using the DLI index published by the National Bureau of Statistics covering economic development, people's livelihood improvement, social development, ecological construction, scientific and technological innovation and so on, as an output indicator, 31 provinces (autonomous regions) were collected in 2013. By using data envelopment analysis (DEAA) method, we can get the technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency and scale reward of government input, and calculate the redundancy rate of each input by projection analysis. Advise the government on improvement. Overall, there are some differences in the performance of the 31 provincial governments in China, which is due to the fact that the institutional mechanisms of some developed provinces are relatively perfect, and they can better use the resources invested by the government to serve the society. However, some provinces lack the efficiency of government input, and do not get the expected output results and effects. Therefore, this paper holds that using less financial, personnel and energy input to achieve better results is one of the objectives of government work. In particular, the government performance level under the background of ecological civilization construction should be improved from three aspects: reasonable regulation of fiscal expenditure, We should improve the efficiency of financial input and use, rationally allocate human resources, improve the mobility of civil servants, strictly control energy consumption, and promote energy conservation and environmental protection.
【学位授予单位】：山东财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D630;X321

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