新疆生态移民补偿机制研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 06:05

本文选题：生态移民 + 补偿　；参考：《石河子大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：新疆生态移民补偿机制是游牧经济制度上的变迁和创新,也是人们应对人类生存及发展和生态环境恶化这对矛盾而进行的制度创新与变迁。本研究从新制度经济学的视角出发,通过对新疆现行生态移民补偿机制的实证分析,旨在找出存在问题及原因,并针对实际问题设计一套科学、合理、操作性强、具有内生激励性作用的生态移民补偿机制,同时为确保此机制的顺利运行,设计一套具有前瞻性的配套政策。本文以改进后的DPSIR模型为机理,以“机制设计—权责利结构—利益或效用—激励—运行效果”为分析框架。通过实证分析,验证了新疆现行生态移民补偿机制缺乏激励效应与运行效果不理想的现状。在此基础上,对新疆生态移民补偿机制存在的表象问题及其背后隐藏的原因从移民类型导致的权利失衡、资金保障、法律约束与保障、目标错位、多头管理、绩效评价观等六个方面进行了深入分析,深刻揭示了新疆生态移民补偿机制缺乏激励效应、运行结果不理想的根本原因：权责利结构失衡。新疆生态移民补偿机制需要进行制度创新与完善。本文从补偿责任确定、补偿补偿范围确定、补偿标准确定、补偿方式选择、监督及法律保障等五个方面开展了制度创新。在补偿责任确立方面,本文认为应根据相关利益主体受益程度来确定补偿的责任主体,但这需要对现有的产权理论进行突破,探讨重新理解产权中各权利的优先层次关系,如将产权中的使用权、收益权置于所有权之上,充分尊重移民所拥有的草场使用权与收益权,并授予移民草场使用权与收益权的自由处置权。在补偿范围确定方面,本文认为应从补偿的广度和补偿的深度两个方面来界定其范围。补偿广度方面,不但要将移民财产损失纳入补偿范围,还应将移民的人生权纳入补偿范围。补偿的深度方面,应将新疆生态移民作为一种完全补偿,补偿应考虑迁移初期的安置补偿、中期产业发展补偿、中后期就业、医疗、养老等。在补偿标准确定方面,本文引入了移民谈判能力系数R、地区差异系数V。,通胀系数I,以弥补机会成本法中所存在的补偿范围不足、补偿标准偏低、补偿标准一刀切、补偿标准长期不变的缺点。在补偿方式选择方面,本文认为应本着生态移民利益优先、因地置宜考虑地区差异、注重补偿的可持续性等原则来选择新疆生态移民补偿方式。对生态条件较好、人口的贫困程度相对较轻的北疆地区,应加大政策补偿方式与技术补偿的力度。而对生态态环境退化严重、人口贫困程度深,区域发展比较落后南疆地区的生态移民,应加大货币与实物补偿的力度,避免移民因搬迁而陷入更深重的贫困。在监督机制方面,本文认为一是应设立专门的议事协调机构对新疆生态移民补偿进行管理及协调,二是应设立补偿资金专管专用及使用效率监督评估机制；三是要形成合理的产权制度,强化市场补偿的激励与完善。法律保障方面,首先应培育生态移民补偿的立法观念；其次应建立专门的新疆生态移民补偿法律体系；最后应用法律来规范新疆生态移民补偿主体间的权责利关系。
[Abstract]:The compensation mechanism of ecological migration in Xinjiang is a change and innovation in the nomadic economic system. It is also a system innovation and change for people to cope with the contradiction between human survival and development and the deterioration of the ecological environment. From the perspective of the new institutional economics, this study aims to find out the existing compensation mechanism of the existing immigrants in Xinjiang. In order to ensure the smooth operation of the mechanism, a set of forward-looking policies is designed to ensure the smooth operation of the mechanism. This paper takes the improved DPSIR model as the mechanism, with the mechanism design - power and responsibility structure. Benefit or utility - Incentive - operation effect is an analytical framework. Through empirical analysis, it is verified that the current ecological immigration compensation mechanism in Xinjiang is not ideal for incentive effect and operation effect. On this basis, the phenomenon of the existence of the compensation mechanism of ecological immigration in Xinjiang and the hidden reasons behind it are caused by the type of immigration. The unbalance of rights, capital guarantee, legal constraint and guarantee, target dislocation, multi head management and performance evaluation have been deeply analyzed in six aspects, and the fundamental reason for the lack of incentive effect in Xinjiang ecological migration compensation mechanism and the unsatisfactory result of operation is that the balance of power and responsibility structure is unsatisfactory. The system of ecological immigration compensation in Xinjiang needs to be carried out. Innovation and perfection. This article has carried out system innovation from five aspects: the determination of compensation liability, the scope of compensation compensation, the determination of compensation standard, the choice of compensation mode, supervision and legal guarantee. In the aspect of the establishment of compensation liability, this article believes that the main body of compensation should be determined according to the benefit degree of the relevant stakeholders, but this needs to be done to the existing one. The theory of property rights breaks through, and discusses the priority hierarchy of rights in property rights, such as the right of use and income in property right above ownership, full respect for the right of use and income of the pasture, and the free disposal right of the right to use and return of the immigrant pasture. The scope of compensation should be defined from two aspects: the breadth of compensation and the depth of compensation. In terms of compensation scope, not only the loss of immigrant property should be included in the scope of compensation, but the right to life of immigrants should be included in the scope of compensation. The depth of compensation should be taken as a complete compensation for Xinjiang ecological migration, and compensation should be taken into consideration of the resettlement at the beginning of the migration. Compensation, medium-term industrial development compensation, middle and late employment, medical treatment, pension and so on. In the determination of compensation standards, this article introduces the immigration negotiation ability coefficient R, regional difference coefficient V., inflation coefficient I, in order to make up for the insufficient compensation range in the opportunity cost method, the compensation standard is low, the compensation standard is a knife cut, the compensation standard has long been fixed. In terms of the choice of compensation methods, this paper thinks that we should take the interests of ecological immigration priority, consider the regional differences and pay attention to the sustainability of compensation in order to choose the way of Xinjiang ecological migration compensation. While the ecological environment is seriously degraded, the degree of population poverty is deep, and the regional development is relatively backward in the southern Xinjiang ecological migration, the compensation of money and material should be strengthened to avoid the impoverished immigrant to be deeply impoverished by the relocation. In the aspect of supervision mechanism, the article holds that one should set up a special coordinating agency for the ecological migration of Xinjiang. The management and coordination of civil compensation should be carried out, two is to set up the special and use efficiency supervision and evaluation mechanism of the special fund for compensation funds; three is to form a reasonable property right system and strengthen the incentive and perfection of the market compensation. In the field of legal guarantee, the legislative concept of ecological immigration compensation should be cultivated first; secondly, the special compensation for ecological migration in Xinjiang should be established. Finally, the law should be applied to regulate the relationship between rights, responsibilities and interests of Xinjiang's eco migrants compensation entities.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D632.4

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