我国适度普惠型儿童社会福利制度建设研究
发布时间:2018-07-15 12:38
【摘要】:2013年6月,民政部选取江苏昆山、浙江海宁、河南洛宁、广东深圳4地作为我国适度普惠型儿童社会福利制度建设的第一批试点地区。2014年4月,民政部进一步选取北京市房山区等46个市(县、区)作为第二批试点地区。第一批和第二批试点工作的开展,拉开了我国适度普惠型儿童社会福利制度建设的序幕。试点过程中,试点地区高度重视适度普惠型儿童社会福利制度建设工作,努力加强制度创建,取得较大成就。但也存在一些问题和困惑,需要在理论上厘清适度普惠型儿童社会福利制度建设的理念、原则和思路,需要根据我国人口、经济、社会发展水平构建有中国特色的适度普惠型儿童社会福利制度发展蓝图。因此,本文的研究具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文以制度分析理论、福利经济学、公平理论、需要理论等为理论分析框架,以软系统方法论(SSM)为方法上的指导,综合运用文献法、问卷法、访谈法、计量分析法等定性和定量研究方法,结合国际上儿童社会福利制度的成功经验,探索建立有中国特色的适度普惠型儿童社会福利制度。本文沿着三个在逻辑上相互关联的问题逐次展开,分别是:(1)我国适度普惠型儿童社会福利制度的由来和现状;(2)我国适度普惠型儿童社会福利制度存在的主要问题及其影响因素;(3)我国适度普惠型儿童社会福利制度建设的探索。论文分析了我国适度普惠型儿童社会福利制度的由来和现状,考察了适度普惠型儿童社会福利制度存在的主要问题及其影响因素。基于相关理论,构建了适度普惠型儿童社会福利制度建设的理念、原则和思路,提出了适度普惠型儿童社会福利制度建设的“三阶段”模式,并在理论和实证的基础上,从福利覆盖范围、福利内容体系、财政资金保障、法律法规建设、管理运行、绩效评价等方面探索了适度普惠型儿童社会福利制度建设的基本方案。通过研究,本文得到如下结论:第一,我国适度普惠型儿童社会福利制度由补缺型儿童社会福利制度变迁而来,是随着我国经济、政治和社会民主进程的发展而逐步建立起来的。第二,我国正处于适度普惠型儿童社会福利制度的初级阶段,儿童社会福利覆盖面有待扩大,福利项目有待增加,福利水平有待提高,专门立法有待制定,管理运行有待完善,绩效评价有待规范。影响我国适度普惠型儿童社会福利制度的主要因素是经济发展水平和财政支出状况。第三,我国适度普惠型儿童社会福利制度建设必须以科学发展观为指导,以联合国《儿童权利公约》精神为宗旨,以我国现实国情为蓝本,以国际经验为参照,以满足儿童需求为导向,充分考察儿童权利优先序列,科学合理构建;必须坚持“政府主导,社会参与、逐步、适度、统一”的原则。第四,根据我国人口、经济社会和民主发展进程,我国适度普惠型儿童社会福利制度建设需要经历三个阶段,分别是初级阶段(2010-2020年)、中级阶段(2021-2030年)和高级阶段(2031-2050年)。初级阶段,儿童社会福利覆盖范围从孤儿逐步扩大到困境儿童和困境家庭儿童,最终实现特殊儿童全覆盖;儿童社会福利内容以生存性福利为主,兼顾发展性福利,福利项目逐步增多;儿童社会福利水平从低水平向高水平逐步提高。中级阶段,儿童社会福利覆盖范围从特殊儿童扩大到部分普通儿童;儿童社会福利内容实现生存性福利和发展性福利并重,城乡福利项目和内容多样化;儿童社会福利水平逐步提高,实现较高的福利给付。高级阶段,儿童社会覆盖范围从全体特殊儿童扩大到全体普通儿童;儿童社会福利内容广泛,为全体儿童提供多层次、多样化的社会福利项目;儿童社会福利水平高,实现高水平的福利供给。第五,我国应逐步增加儿童社会福利的财政支出规模,2020年时儿童社会福利支出占GDP的比重应达到0.50%,2030年时逐步提高到0.95%-1.03%,2050年时达到2.38%-2.66%。2050年时儿童社会福利支出占GDP的比重应接近OECD国家2009年的平均水平(2.61%)。第六,我国应加快适度普惠型儿童社会福利制度的法律法规建设,逐步建立起以《儿童福利法》为母法,包含儿童生活、教育、医疗、就业、司法保护等专项福利法律法规在内的相对完善的儿童社会福利法律法规体系。第七,我国应完善适度普惠型儿童社会福利制度建设的行政管理职能,在国家层面建立儿童福利局或“儿童福利与家庭福利局”。第八,我国应完善适度普惠型儿童社会福利制度的绩效评价机制,建立起以符合儿童发展为目标的评价指标体系。本文有如下特色和创新:第一,深化和发展了适度普惠型儿童社会福利概念的内涵。第二,比较系统地提出适度普惠型儿童社会福利制度建设的理念、原则和思路。第三,相对完整地构建起适度普惠型儿童社会福利制度建设的“三阶段”模式。第四,将软系统方法论(SSM)引入适度普惠型儿童社会福利制度建设,在研究方法的运用上具有创新性。第五,较早地将绩效评价引入适度普惠型儿童社会福利制度建设,在评价手段上具有创新性。最后,本文分析了研究存在的问题与不足,提出改进的意见和建议。
[Abstract]:In June of 2013 , the Ministry of Civil Affairs selected 46 cities ( counties , districts ) of Jiangsu Kunsan , Zhejiang Haining , Henan and Shenzhen as the first pilot areas of China ' s moderately universal children ' s social welfare system . In April 2014 , the Ministry of Civil Affairs further selected 46 cities ( counties and districts ) , such as Fangshan District of Beijing , as the second pilot area .
( 2 ) The main problems and influencing factors of the children ' s social welfare system in China ;
This paper analyzes the main problems and influencing factors of the social welfare system of the children ' s social welfare system in China . Based on the relevant theories , this paper constructs the " three - stage " model of the social welfare system of children ' s welfare .
We must adhere to the principle of " government - led , social participation , gradual , moderate and unified " . Fourth , according to our country ' s population , economic and social and democratic development process , China ' s moderately universal children ' s social welfare system construction needs to undergo three stages , namely the primary stage ( 2010 - 2020 ) , the intermediate stage ( 2021 - 2030 ) and the advanced stage ( year - 2050 - 2050 ) .
The social welfare of children is mainly based on survivability and welfare , and the welfare projects are gradually increased .
The level of social welfare of children gradually increases from low level to high level . In the middle stage , the social welfare coverage of children is extended from special children to some ordinary children ;
The social welfare of children realizes the welfare and the development welfare of the welfare and the welfare of the urban and rural welfare projects and the contents are diversified ;
The level of social welfare of children has been gradually increased to achieve higher welfare benefits . In the advanced stage , the social coverage of the child is extended from all special children to all ordinary children ;
The social welfare of children is extensive , providing multi - level and diversified social welfare projects for all children ;
In the fifth part , we should improve the social welfare system construction of the children ' s social welfare system , establish the child welfare bureau or the child welfare and family welfare bureau by 2050 .
【学位授予单位】:华东师范大学
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2015
【分类号】:D632.1
本文编号:2124097
[Abstract]:In June of 2013 , the Ministry of Civil Affairs selected 46 cities ( counties , districts ) of Jiangsu Kunsan , Zhejiang Haining , Henan and Shenzhen as the first pilot areas of China ' s moderately universal children ' s social welfare system . In April 2014 , the Ministry of Civil Affairs further selected 46 cities ( counties and districts ) , such as Fangshan District of Beijing , as the second pilot area .
( 2 ) The main problems and influencing factors of the children ' s social welfare system in China ;
This paper analyzes the main problems and influencing factors of the social welfare system of the children ' s social welfare system in China . Based on the relevant theories , this paper constructs the " three - stage " model of the social welfare system of children ' s welfare .
We must adhere to the principle of " government - led , social participation , gradual , moderate and unified " . Fourth , according to our country ' s population , economic and social and democratic development process , China ' s moderately universal children ' s social welfare system construction needs to undergo three stages , namely the primary stage ( 2010 - 2020 ) , the intermediate stage ( 2021 - 2030 ) and the advanced stage ( year - 2050 - 2050 ) .
The social welfare of children is mainly based on survivability and welfare , and the welfare projects are gradually increased .
The level of social welfare of children gradually increases from low level to high level . In the middle stage , the social welfare coverage of children is extended from special children to some ordinary children ;
The social welfare of children realizes the welfare and the development welfare of the welfare and the welfare of the urban and rural welfare projects and the contents are diversified ;
The level of social welfare of children has been gradually increased to achieve higher welfare benefits . In the advanced stage , the social coverage of the child is extended from all special children to all ordinary children ;
The social welfare of children is extensive , providing multi - level and diversified social welfare projects for all children ;
In the fifth part , we should improve the social welfare system construction of the children ' s social welfare system , establish the child welfare bureau or the child welfare and family welfare bureau by 2050 .
【学位授予单位】:华东师范大学
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2015
【分类号】:D632.1
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