三峡库区移民贫困致因的精准识别与减贫路径的实证研究

发布时间：2018-07-16 18:33

【摘要】：随着我国经济发展和扶贫成效的显现,老区、山区、民族地区和移民库区等集中连片的特殊贫困区已经成为我国当前精准扶贫的主战场。由于面临生产资料匮乏、生态环境恶化和地质灾害频发等恶劣环境,库区移民贫困问题已成为新时期扶贫攻坚最难啃的"硬骨头"。因此,开展库区移民贫困致因的精准识别与减贫路径研究具有重要的现实意义。基于对库区移民贫困现状的扎根理论分析,本文提出了分析农户生计的新框架。在此基础上,本文以三峡库区26个县(区)为研究对象,随机抽取4县(区)796户移民作为样本,首先,采用灰色关联分析法和熵权法对库区移民主要致贫因子进行挖掘;接着,采用PLS-SEM模型分析影响库区移民生计状况的关键因子和关键路径。研究表明:(1)三峡库区移民贫困现象仍很严重,患病、劳动能力弱和失地是移民致贫的三大主因。三峡库区仍有175.94万人生活在贫困线以下,三大致贫原因依次是:因病致贫26.49%、因劳动能力弱致贫22.10%和失地致贫21.65%。(2)心理资本可有效促进移民其他资本效能的发挥,对生计状况存在着显著的直接效应和间接效应。(3)在影响生计状况的四类资本中,人力资本对库区移民生计状况影响最大。基于以上发现,本文提出了实现库区移民精准脱贫的政策建议:(1)国家应高度重视三峡库区移民贫困问题,大力开展精准扶贫;(2)增加心理干预措施以提高移民心理资本存量,帮助移民摆脱心理贫困;(3)开展劳动力技能培训,提高库区移民人力资本水平。
[Abstract]:With the development of our country's economy and the effect of poverty alleviation, the special poverty-stricken areas, such as the old areas, mountainous areas, minority areas and immigrant reservoir areas, have become the main battlefield of precision poverty alleviation in our country at present. In the face of the shortage of means of production, the deterioration of ecological environment and the frequent occurrence of geological disasters, the poverty problem of immigrants in the reservoir area has become the most difficult "hard bone" in the new period. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to carry out accurate identification of poverty causes and research on poverty reduction path in reservoir area. Based on the theoretical analysis of the poverty situation of immigrants in the reservoir area, this paper puts forward a new framework for the analysis of farmers' livelihood. On this basis, taking 26 counties (districts) in the three Gorges Reservoir area as the research object, 796 families of migrants from 4 counties (districts) are randomly selected as samples. Firstly, the main poverty factors of migrants in the reservoir area are excavated by using grey relational analysis method and entropy weight method. PLS-SEM model was used to analyze the key factors and critical paths affecting the livelihood of migrants in the reservoir area. The results show that: (1) the poverty of emigrants in the three Gorges Reservoir area is still very serious, the illness, the weakness of labor ability and the loss of land are the three main causes of the poverty caused by the emigrants. There are still 1.7594 million people living below the poverty line in the three Gorges Reservoir area. The three major causes of poverty are: 26.49 poverty caused by illness, 22.10% poverty caused by weak labor ability and 21.65% poverty caused by loss of land. (2) Psychological capital can effectively promote the efficiency of other capital of migrants. There are significant direct and indirect effects on the livelihood status. (3) among the four types of capital which affect the livelihood status human capital has the greatest impact on the livelihood status of migrants in the reservoir area. Based on the above findings, this paper puts forward some policy recommendations for achieving accurate poverty relief for migrants in the reservoir area: (1) the state should attach great importance to the poverty problem of migrants in the three Gorges Reservoir area, and vigorously carry out precision poverty alleviation; (2) increase psychological intervention measures to improve the stock of psychological capital of migrants. (3) carrying out labor skills training to improve the level of human capital of migrants in the reservoir area.
【作者单位】：中国地质大学(武汉)经济管理学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“生态环境和地质灾害孕贫机制与减贫策略研究——以三峡库区为例”(批准号:71473231)
【分类号】：F061.3

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