国象主导的社会治理：当代中国社会治理的发展模式与逻辑

发布时间：2018-07-29 19:45

【摘要】：进入新世纪以来,为了解决经济社会发展面临的难题,以科学发展观、和谐社会和服务型政府的提出为标志,以解决社会问题、缓解社会矛盾,维护社会稳定和社会秩序,改善民生,促进社会公平正义和社会发展为目标,中国提出社会建设和社会治理的重大政策议题。特别是2013年11月召开的十八届三中全会提出“推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化”,以及“推进社会领域制度创新,加快形成科学有效的社会治理体制”的治理目标,表明党和国家开始逐步从国家治理的高度审视社会治理与社会建设问题。那么,如何认识、理解与解释当代中国社会治理领域的复杂性?“国家主导的社会治理”是当代中国社会治理发展的阶段性特征。这一发展模式主要依赖于国家的角色转变和主动变革,以及推动的社会治理改革,反映了国家在推进社会治理中的积极、主动作为。但与此同时,这一模式更多依赖于国家制度供给的优先性,并不可避免地存在国家管控的弊端。“国家主导的社会治理”的形成,其逻辑在于制度基础---自我约束下的适应性：在中国分权体制下,处于委托代理关系中的中央政府通过地方分级管理体制、非正式制度运作合法化和积极推动横向问责等方式,试图引导和约束地方政府行为。地方政府在“代理者”、“自利者”和“服务者”等多种角色的平衡和交互作用下,最终形成在推动社会治理进程中的“选择性”行为,表现为无论是自上而下的维稳压力,还是中央政府积极倡导的社会治理创新,地方政府都倾向于在两者中努力做出能够得到中央政府认可、默许的行为选择。由此,中央政府与地方政府构成的具有不同偏好的行为体,表明国家并非铁板一块。国家对社会并非只具有单纯的管控意图,其宏观政策取向和治理逻辑日趋制度化和策略性,而这也进一步引发社会在自我约束前提下的适应性反应,即既在国家划定的范围内行动,又通过策略性行动为自身争取更大的自主性空间。要真正突破“国家主导的社会治理”困境,使之成为未来中国社会治理发展的重要动力和资源,那么社会治理的成功经验与创新实践的扩散和制度化是解决这一发展模式内在限度的关键路径。这一过程需要中央政府的认可和支持、符合地方发展实际且满足地方官员的政绩需求,并能够反映地方民众的偏好。由此,才能为社会治理创造更广阔的空间。并且,推进社会治理体系的创新是一项系统性改革,改革中不仅要树立公平正义的改革理念,还涉及良好社会基础的构建、行政体制改革、财政体制改革、社会体制改革、社会政策改革,以及法治治理等一系列改革的推进。研究结果对未来中国社会治理的发展具有重要启示：社会治理不仅仅被看作是中国应对社会问题的策略和政策工具,应该突破社会治理的工具意义。未来中国社会治理的发展是一个动态的过程,随着社会治理因素的逐步增加,这些积极因素会成为未来中国走向社会治理的重要动力、积极的生长因素和转型力量。
[Abstract]:Since the new century has entered the new century, in order to solve the problems faced by the economic and social development, it is marked by the Scientific Outlook on Development, harmonious society and the service type government, in order to solve social problems, alleviate social contradictions, maintain social stability and social order, improve people's livelihood, promote social justice and social development, and put forward social construction in China. And the major policy issues of social governance, especially in the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, held in November 2013, proposed "promoting the modernization of the state governance system and governance capacity", as well as "promoting the innovation of the social system and accelerating the formation of a scientific and effective social governance system", which indicates that the party and the state have gradually begun to govern from the state. A high degree of scrutiny of social governance and social construction. Then, how to understand and explain the complexity of the social governance in contemporary China? "State led social governance" is a stage characteristic of the development of social governance in contemporary China. This development model is mainly dependent on the transformation of the role of the country and the active change, and the promotion of the development of the social governance in China. The reform of social governance reflects the positive and active role of the state in promoting social governance, but at the same time, this model is more dependent on the priority of the state system supply, and inevitably exists in the abuse of state control and control. The formation of "state led social governance" is based on the institutional basis -- adaptation under self-restraint. Under the system of Chinese decentralization, the central government, which is in the principal-agent relationship, tries to guide and restrict the behavior of the local government through the local hierarchical management system, the legalization of the informal system operation and the active promotion of lateral accountability. The balance of the role of the local government in the "agent", "self-interest" and "service" And under the interaction, the "selective" behavior in the process of social governance is finally formed. The local government is inclined to make an effort to make a tacit choice between the central government and the central government for the choice of "selective" behavior in the process of promoting social governance. The government and the local government, which have different preferences, show that the state is not an iron plate. The state does not have only a simple control intention for the society, and its macro policy orientation and governance logic are increasingly institutionalized and strategically, and this further triggering the adaptive response of society under the premise of self-restraint, that is, both in the state and in the state. In order to make a greater autonomy space for itself through strategic action, to truly break through the predicament of "state led social governance" and make it an important motive force and resource for the development of social governance in China in the future, the successful experience of social governance and the diffusion and institutionalization of new practice are the solution to this development. This process needs the central government's key path. This process needs the approval and support of the central government, meets the local development practice and meets the local officials' achievements needs, and can reflect the local people's preferences. In this way, it can create a broader space for social governance. And the innovation of the social governance system is a systematic reform. In the reform, we should not only establish a fair and just reform concept, but also involve the construction of a good social foundation, the reform of the administrative system, the reform of the financial system, the reform of the social system, the reform of social policy, and the governance of the rule of law. The results of the study have important inspiration for the development of China's social governance in the future: social governance not only The development of China's social governance in the future is a dynamic process. With the gradual increase of social governance factors, these positive factors will become an important motive force for the future Chinese social governance, the positive growth factors and the positive growth factors. Transformational power.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D630

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