我国重大海上溢油应急服务对策研究

发布时间：2018-08-14 10:51

【摘要】：近年来,随着国民经济的快速发展,我国对石油能源的依赖逐步上升,我国海上石油开发、储存和运输量的日益增长,重大海上溢油风险不断增加,重大海上溢油应急工作面临的形势也越来越严峻。近几年连续发生在我国管辖水域的上海“CMA CGM FLORIDA”碰撞导致溢油事故、大连“7 · 16”事故、蓬莱19-3油田事故等重大海上溢油事故,使得重大海上溢油应急工作受到了全社会的高度关注。重大海上溢油应急工作作为公共安全和应急管理重要组成部分,是一项涉及体制、机制、政策、技术和管理等方面的复杂性、系统性工程,需要从公共安全理论层面切入,分析和研究如何推进其发展。本论文从公共服务、应急管理和建设服务型政府的角度出发,通过调查研究、数据收集、资料查找的方式,对我国重大海上溢油应急服务建设进行了深入的研究和分析。本文明确了公共服务、服务型政府、重大海上溢油以及重大海上溢油应急处置能力的概念和内涵;对海上溢油应急“一案三制”建设和海上溢油应急力量建设等重大海上溢油应急能力建设现状进行梳理,查找出了公共服务理念不强、溢油事件标准不统一、服务能力薄弱,整体建设统筹不足、应急协调机制不畅等我国重大海上溢油应急服务存在和面临的主要问题;对国外发达国家重大海上溢油应急的经验进行了研究,从发达国家在海上溢油应急法律法规、协调机制、保障机制等方面进行分析对比,总结出了国外海上溢油应急服务的启示和借鉴;研究提出了加强我国重大海上溢油应急服务能力,需要各级政府从强化政府重大海上溢油应急服务主体责任、加强重大海上溢油应急队伍建设、加强重大海上溢油应急资源建设、加强重大海上溢油应急体制机制建设四个方面入手完善我国重大海上溢油应急服务建设的对策,进而达到提高地方政府的公共服务能力,充分体现服务型政府的作用,提高我国重大海上溢油应急服务能力,最大程度的降低重大海上溢油事故造成的财产和环境损失的目的。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of national economy, China's dependence on petroleum energy has gradually increased. With the development, storage and transportation of offshore oil, the risk of major offshore oil spills is increasing. Major marine oil spill emergency work is also facing a more and more serious situation. In recent years, the Shanghai "CMA CGM FLORIDA" collision in the waters under the jurisdiction of China led to oil spill accidents, Dalian "716" accident, Penglai 19-3 oil field accident and other major offshore oil spill accidents. The major marine oil spill emergency work has been highly concerned by the whole society. As an important part of public safety and emergency management, major offshore oil spill emergency response is a complex and systematic project involving system, mechanism, policy, technology and management, which needs to be cut into from the theoretical level of public safety. Analysis and research on how to promote its development. From the point of view of public service, emergency management and construction of service-oriented government, this paper makes an in-depth study and analysis on the construction of major offshore oil spill emergency service in China through the methods of investigation, data collection and data searching. In this paper, the concept and connotation of public service, service-oriented government, major offshore oil spill and emergency disposal capacity of major offshore oil spill are defined. Combing the status quo of the construction of major offshore oil spill emergency capacity construction such as the "one case three system" construction of offshore oil spill emergency and the construction of maritime oil spill emergency force, it is found that the concept of public service is not strong, the standard of oil spill incident is not unified, and the service capacity is weak. The main problems existing and facing in China's major offshore oil spill emergency services, such as inadequate overall construction and poor emergency coordination mechanism, have been studied on the experience of major offshore oil spills in developed countries. From the developed countries in the maritime oil spill emergency laws and regulations, coordination mechanism, safeguard mechanism and other aspects of analysis and comparison, summed up the foreign maritime oil spill emergency service enlightenment and reference; In order to strengthen the emergency service capacity of major offshore oil spills in China, governments at all levels need to strengthen the main responsibility of the major offshore oil spill emergency services of the government and strengthen the construction of major offshore oil spill emergency response teams. To strengthen the construction of major offshore oil spill emergency resources, to strengthen the construction of major offshore oil spill emergency system and mechanism, and to improve the countermeasures for the construction of major offshore oil spill emergency services in China, so as to improve the public service capacity of local governments. The purpose of this paper is to fully reflect the role of service-oriented government, to improve the capability of emergency service for major offshore oil spills in China, and to minimize the property and environmental losses caused by major offshore oil spills.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D63

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