政府信息公开监督保障制度创新研究
发布时间：2018-08-18 09:16
【摘要】：政府信息公开对于推进政府透明行政,促进社会进步有重要意义。政府信息公开有学者称之为行政公开,也有学者称为政务公开。根据我国《政府信息公开条例》第二条,本条例所称政府信息,是指行政机关在履行职责过程中制作或者获取的,以一定形式记录、保存的信息。条例明确规定了我国政府信息公开的概念。我国国家领导人很早就提出要公开政府信息,在1988年党的十五大报告明确提出,国家机关实行"公开原则"。"直接涉及群众切身利益的部门要实行公开办事制度"。1989年的政府工作报告提出要积极推进政府办事制度公开,办事结果要公开,增加政府办事的透明度。中央政府的重视对于推进我国政府信息公开立法有重要意义。自从2008年《政府信息公开条例》颁行以来,我国政府信息公开工作取得重大进展,但在实施过程中面临的困难和问题不小。探讨如何将权力关进笼子里,监督保障政府信息公开显得尤为必要,政府信息公开的监督保障制度对于建立阳光政府、透明政府具有重要意义,建立监督保障制度目的在于督促政府依法行政。面对强大的国家机器,没有体制机制的规制,国家机构往往恣意妄为,侵害公民权利的行为时常发生。宪法保障公民的知情权,公民有权获取政府适当的信息资源。现实中,政府会以各种理由拒绝公开信息,以维护自身利益。信息公开监督保障制度的存在就是为了制衡这种不平等的权力关系。公民是相对弱势的一方,其知情权需要保障,就需要建立完善的监督保障制度,规制和限制政府的行政行为,促使政府在法律框架内行使权力,保证政府信息公开的公正透明,保障公民获取信息自由的权利。目前我国政府信息公开的监督保障制度还不完善,在诸多领域制度缺失的现象比较严重。本文通过梳理国内政府信息公开存在的主要问题,总结监督保障制度缺失的具体原因,并借鉴美国政府信息公开监督保障制度的成熟经验,提出一些建设性的意见:完善我国政府信息公开监督保障制度,需要建立专门的监察机构,加强对信息公开的监督;建立科学的政府信息评估制度;建立完善的责任追究制度;加强信息公开年度报告制度的监督作用,促进信息公开;强化政府信息公开的网络监管,加强网络的规范化建设;加强收费制度的完善,降低公众获取信息的成本,保障信息公开的充分自由。本文采用比较分析的方法研究政府信息公开的监督保障制度。全文的整体思路是发现问题、分析问题、提出建议。用比较的方法澄清了政府信息公开的基本理论问题,并且比较借鉴了美国政府信息公开主要经验。全文分为以下三个部分:第一部分概述了政府信息公开监督保障制度。首先澄清政府信息公开的基本理论问题,介绍了政府信息公开的理论基础、主要内容和主要方式。进一步概述政府信息公开监督保障的含义、主体、主要制度及其作用。第二部分分析我国政府信息公开现状、问题及原因。考察政府信息公开现状从立法和实践两方面展开,从而发现收费不规范、监督机制缺失等问题。并进而分析存在问题的具体原因。第三部分提出了对完善我国政府信息公开监督保障制度的建设性意见。在提出建议过程中,融入介绍了美国政府信息公开的主要制度,通过介绍美国成熟的收费制度、专门管理机构、年度报告制度、政府信息评估和责任追究制度。借鉴其儿十年成功的发展经验对于我国推进政府信息公开有十分重要的意义。文章从四个方面提出建议。首先,转变政府观念,主动提高信息公开意识;其次,建立和完善政府信息公开内部监督保障制度;再次,健全和完善政府信息公开的外部监督保障;最后,加快政府信息网络管理系统的建设。
[Abstract]:Government information disclosure is of great significance to the promotion of transparent government administration and the promotion of social progress. Some scholars call it administrative openness, while others call it administrative openness. The regulations clearly stipulate the concept of government information disclosure. Our country's leaders put forward to make government information public very early. In the report of the 15th National Congress of the CPC in 1988, they made it clear that state organs should implement the principle of openness. The report on the work of the government in 1989 proposes to actively promote the publicity of the government's work system, the publicity of the results and the transparency of the government's work. Great progress has been made, but there are many difficulties and problems in the process of implementation. It is particularly necessary to explore how to keep power in a cage and supervise and guarantee the government information disclosure. The supervision and guarantee system of government information disclosure is of great significance to the establishment of a sunny government and a transparent government. The purpose of establishing the supervision and guarantee system is to urge the government to obey the law. The constitution guarantees citizens'right to know, and citizens have the right to access appropriate government information resources. In reality, the government will refuse to disclose information for various reasons to safeguard its own interests. The existence of the supervision and security system is to check and balance this unequal power relationship.Citizens are relatively vulnerable and their right to know needs to be guaranteed.Therefore, it is necessary to establish a perfect supervision and security system to regulate and restrict the government's administrative acts, to urge the government to exercise its power within the legal framework, to ensure the fairness and transparency of the government's information disclosure and to ensure that the government's information is guaranteed At present, the supervision and guarantee system of government information disclosure in our country is not perfect, and the lack of system in many fields is more serious. This paper combs the main problems of domestic government information disclosure, summarizes the specific reasons for the lack of supervision and guarantee system, and draws lessons from the United States government information disclosure supervision. Some constructive opinions are put forward based on the mature experience of the safeguard system: to perfect the government information disclosure supervision and safeguard system, it is necessary to establish a special supervisory organization to strengthen the supervision of information disclosure; to establish a scientific government information evaluation system; to establish a perfect accountability system; to strengthen the supervision role of the annual report system of information disclosure. Promote the disclosure of information; Strengthen the network supervision of government information disclosure; Strengthen the standardization of network construction; Strengthen the improvement of the charging system, reduce the cost of public access to information, and ensure the full freedom of information disclosure. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part summarizes the supervision and security system of government information disclosure. First, it clarifies the basic theoretical issues of government information disclosure. This paper introduces the theoretical basis, main contents and main modes of government information disclosure.It further outlines the meaning, subject, main system and function of government information disclosure supervision and guarantee.The second part analyzes the present situation, problems and reasons of government information disclosure in China. The third part puts forward constructive suggestions on perfecting the supervision and guarantee system of government information disclosure in our country. In the course of making suggestions, it introduces the main system of government information disclosure in the United States, and introduces the mature charging system in the United States. It is of great significance for China to draw lessons from its ten-year successful development experience to promote the publicity of government information. The article puts forward suggestions from four aspects. First, change the government's concept and actively improve the awareness of information publicity; second, establish and improve government trust. Third, improve and perfect the external supervision and guarantee of government information disclosure; finally, speed up the construction of government information network management system.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D63
[Abstract]:Government information disclosure is of great significance to the promotion of transparent government administration and the promotion of social progress. Some scholars call it administrative openness, while others call it administrative openness. The regulations clearly stipulate the concept of government information disclosure. Our country's leaders put forward to make government information public very early. In the report of the 15th National Congress of the CPC in 1988, they made it clear that state organs should implement the principle of openness. The report on the work of the government in 1989 proposes to actively promote the publicity of the government's work system, the publicity of the results and the transparency of the government's work. Great progress has been made, but there are many difficulties and problems in the process of implementation. It is particularly necessary to explore how to keep power in a cage and supervise and guarantee the government information disclosure. The supervision and guarantee system of government information disclosure is of great significance to the establishment of a sunny government and a transparent government. The purpose of establishing the supervision and guarantee system is to urge the government to obey the law. The constitution guarantees citizens'right to know, and citizens have the right to access appropriate government information resources. In reality, the government will refuse to disclose information for various reasons to safeguard its own interests. The existence of the supervision and security system is to check and balance this unequal power relationship.Citizens are relatively vulnerable and their right to know needs to be guaranteed.Therefore, it is necessary to establish a perfect supervision and security system to regulate and restrict the government's administrative acts, to urge the government to exercise its power within the legal framework, to ensure the fairness and transparency of the government's information disclosure and to ensure that the government's information is guaranteed At present, the supervision and guarantee system of government information disclosure in our country is not perfect, and the lack of system in many fields is more serious. This paper combs the main problems of domestic government information disclosure, summarizes the specific reasons for the lack of supervision and guarantee system, and draws lessons from the United States government information disclosure supervision. Some constructive opinions are put forward based on the mature experience of the safeguard system: to perfect the government information disclosure supervision and safeguard system, it is necessary to establish a special supervisory organization to strengthen the supervision of information disclosure; to establish a scientific government information evaluation system; to establish a perfect accountability system; to strengthen the supervision role of the annual report system of information disclosure. Promote the disclosure of information; Strengthen the network supervision of government information disclosure; Strengthen the standardization of network construction; Strengthen the improvement of the charging system, reduce the cost of public access to information, and ensure the full freedom of information disclosure. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part summarizes the supervision and security system of government information disclosure. First, it clarifies the basic theoretical issues of government information disclosure. This paper introduces the theoretical basis, main contents and main modes of government information disclosure.It further outlines the meaning, subject, main system and function of government information disclosure supervision and guarantee.The second part analyzes the present situation, problems and reasons of government information disclosure in China. The third part puts forward constructive suggestions on perfecting the supervision and guarantee system of government information disclosure in our country. In the course of making suggestions, it introduces the main system of government information disclosure in the United States, and introduces the mature charging system in the United States. It is of great significance for China to draw lessons from its ten-year successful development experience to promote the publicity of government information. The article puts forward suggestions from four aspects. First, change the government's concept and actively improve the awareness of information publicity; second, establish and improve government trust. Third, improve and perfect the external supervision and guarantee of government information disclosure; finally, speed up the construction of government information network management system.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D63
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