基层政府的生态文明建设职责研究
发布时间：2018-09-14 18:36
【摘要】：随着工业化的迅速发展,人类经济活动与生态环境之间的矛盾不断深化。面对日益严峻的生态环境问题,党在十七大报告中明确提出建设“生态文明”的目标,在十八大会议上首次单独阐述了“生态文明”建设的重要意义,并明确提出建设“美丽中国”的奋斗目标,将“生态文明”建设纳入到“五位一体”之中,表明党对生态文明建设问题的逐步重视。转变政府职能、加强基层政府在生态文明建设中的主导作用,对于发展生态文明、促进经济社会与生态文明建设协调发展具有十分重要的深远意义。本文从基层政府和生态文明建设的内涵着手,以政府职责理论、责任政府理论、生态文明理论和可持续理论为依据,结合当前我国基层政府履行生态文明职责的现状,即初步制定了生态文明建设方案及实施细则、开展了一系列“宣传环保知识”的活动、提供了初步的生态文明服务、将生态文明建设纳入绩效考核指标以督促职责的落实等;同时也指出了基层政府存在的职责缺位现象,即缺乏统一的管理机制及体系、缺乏健全的生态产品(服务)体系、生态工作和管理岗位缺乏监管、基层政府不重视生态文明建设、生态文明建设与经济发展之间矛盾突出等。根据这些行政现象分析了实践中基层政府生态文明建设职责缺位的原因,主要是:生态文明建设法律制度不健全;基层政府生态文明建设意识不强;基层政府缺乏良好生态文明建设的履职环境;生态环境严重恶化导致基层政府履职难度加大;政府未妥善协调好经济发展与生态环境的之间的矛盾等方面。接着通过阐述和总结新加坡、日本和美国三个国家基层政府在履行生态文明建设职责方面的经验,发现新加坡政府强调教育与法制并重、日本基层政府注重立法与行政并重、美国法律明确规定政府环境责任并强化政府责任与公众参与等。最后结合我国当前基层政府生态文明建设职责履行现状和这三个国家经验的基础上得出我国应该从完善相关法律法规、转变基层政府管理理念、完善相关监管问责制度、提高全民生态文明意识、协调经济发展与生态文明建设的关系和探索生态环境补偿机制这六个方面来落实我国基层政府生态文明建设的基本职责。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industrialization, the contradiction between human economic activities and ecological environment is deepening. In the face of increasingly serious ecological and environmental problems, the Party clearly put forward the goal of building "ecological civilization" in the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and for the first time at the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it separately expounded the important significance of the construction of "ecological civilization". The goal of building "beautiful China" is clearly put forward, and the construction of "ecological civilization" is brought into the "five-in-one", which indicates that the Party has gradually attached importance to the construction of ecological civilization. The transformation of government functions and the strengthening of the leading role of grass-roots governments in the construction of ecological civilization are of great significance for the development of ecological civilization and the harmonious development of economic society and ecological civilization. Based on the theory of government responsibility, the theory of responsible government, the theory of ecological civilization and the theory of sustainability, this paper begins with the connotation of grass-roots government and the construction of ecological civilization. That is to say, it has made a preliminary plan and detailed rules for the construction of ecological civilization, carried out a series of activities of "propagating the knowledge of environmental protection", provided the preliminary service of ecological civilization, and brought the construction of ecological civilization into the performance appraisal index to supervise the implementation of its duty. At the same time, it also points out the absence of responsibility of grass-roots government, that is, the lack of unified management mechanism and system, the lack of sound ecological product (service) system, and the lack of supervision of ecological work and management posts. Grass-roots governments do not attach importance to the construction of ecological civilization, ecological civilization construction and economic development, the contradiction between the outstanding. According to these administrative phenomena, this paper analyzes the reasons for the absence of responsibility in the construction of ecological civilization of grass-roots government in practice, mainly as follows: the legal system of ecological civilization construction is not perfect, the consciousness of ecological civilization construction of grass-roots government is not strong; Grass-roots governments lack a good environment to carry out their duties in the construction of ecological civilization; the serious deterioration of ecological environment makes it more difficult for grass-roots governments to carry out their duties; the government has not properly coordinated the contradiction between economic development and ecological environment, and so on. Then through expounding and summing up the experiences of the grass-roots governments of Singapore, Japan and the United States in carrying out the duties of ecological civilization construction, it is found that the Singaporean government emphasizes the equal emphasis on education and the legal system, and the grass-roots governments of Japan pay equal attention to the legislation and the administration. American laws clearly stipulate government environmental responsibility and strengthen government responsibility and public participation. Finally, on the basis of the current status quo and the experience of these three countries, we draw a conclusion that our country should improve the relevant laws and regulations, change the concept of grass-roots government management, and improve the relevant regulatory accountability system. It is necessary to improve the consciousness of ecological civilization of the whole people, coordinate the relationship between economic development and the construction of ecological civilization, and explore the compensation mechanism of ecological environment to carry out the basic duty of ecological civilization construction of grass-roots government in our country.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D630;F205
本文编号：2243532
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industrialization, the contradiction between human economic activities and ecological environment is deepening. In the face of increasingly serious ecological and environmental problems, the Party clearly put forward the goal of building "ecological civilization" in the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and for the first time at the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it separately expounded the important significance of the construction of "ecological civilization". The goal of building "beautiful China" is clearly put forward, and the construction of "ecological civilization" is brought into the "five-in-one", which indicates that the Party has gradually attached importance to the construction of ecological civilization. The transformation of government functions and the strengthening of the leading role of grass-roots governments in the construction of ecological civilization are of great significance for the development of ecological civilization and the harmonious development of economic society and ecological civilization. Based on the theory of government responsibility, the theory of responsible government, the theory of ecological civilization and the theory of sustainability, this paper begins with the connotation of grass-roots government and the construction of ecological civilization. That is to say, it has made a preliminary plan and detailed rules for the construction of ecological civilization, carried out a series of activities of "propagating the knowledge of environmental protection", provided the preliminary service of ecological civilization, and brought the construction of ecological civilization into the performance appraisal index to supervise the implementation of its duty. At the same time, it also points out the absence of responsibility of grass-roots government, that is, the lack of unified management mechanism and system, the lack of sound ecological product (service) system, and the lack of supervision of ecological work and management posts. Grass-roots governments do not attach importance to the construction of ecological civilization, ecological civilization construction and economic development, the contradiction between the outstanding. According to these administrative phenomena, this paper analyzes the reasons for the absence of responsibility in the construction of ecological civilization of grass-roots government in practice, mainly as follows: the legal system of ecological civilization construction is not perfect, the consciousness of ecological civilization construction of grass-roots government is not strong; Grass-roots governments lack a good environment to carry out their duties in the construction of ecological civilization; the serious deterioration of ecological environment makes it more difficult for grass-roots governments to carry out their duties; the government has not properly coordinated the contradiction between economic development and ecological environment, and so on. Then through expounding and summing up the experiences of the grass-roots governments of Singapore, Japan and the United States in carrying out the duties of ecological civilization construction, it is found that the Singaporean government emphasizes the equal emphasis on education and the legal system, and the grass-roots governments of Japan pay equal attention to the legislation and the administration. American laws clearly stipulate government environmental responsibility and strengthen government responsibility and public participation. Finally, on the basis of the current status quo and the experience of these three countries, we draw a conclusion that our country should improve the relevant laws and regulations, change the concept of grass-roots government management, and improve the relevant regulatory accountability system. It is necessary to improve the consciousness of ecological civilization of the whole people, coordinate the relationship between economic development and the construction of ecological civilization, and explore the compensation mechanism of ecological environment to carry out the basic duty of ecological civilization construction of grass-roots government in our country.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D630;F205
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