改革开放以来中央与地方关系互动对基层政权的影响——以80年代以来财税体制改革为例

发布时间：2018-11-11 17:50

【摘要】：改革开放之前中国中央与地方之间的关系主要是以行政权力"收-放"之间的循环,来影响地方政府行为,改革开放后则是以中央向地方分权为起点,财政包干制下地方政府因地制宜结合当地实际情况制定合理政策推动当地经济发展,给整个国家经济高速增长起到相当大的推动作用。但是"地方政府公司化"的普遍现象使得国家权威逐渐在各地政府流失,呈现碎片化状态,中央政府不得不通过一系列政治手段收回本已下放给地方的经济社会发展权力,分税制改革和中央银行改革都是中央政府"选择性再集权"措施的产物。中央政府在90年代加强了中央对地方政府的财政汲取能力,同时也造成基层政府缺乏财力进行基层社会公共服务建设,致使地方政府治理能力下降,基层政权逐步"悬浮"与基层社会之上,这是中央选择性再集权改革后带来的非预期结果。
[Abstract]:Before the reform and opening up to the outside world, the relationship between the central and local governments in China was mainly influenced by the circulation of administrative power between "receiving and releasing". After the reform and opening up, the starting point was the separation of powers between the central and local governments. According to the local conditions, the local governments should formulate reasonable policies to promote the local economic development under the fiscal contracting system, and play a considerable role in promoting the rapid economic growth of the whole country. However, the widespread phenomenon of "corporatization of local governments" has led to the gradual loss of state authority in local governments, which has become fragmented, and the central government has had to take back the economic and social development powers that have been delegated to local governments through a series of political means. Tax distribution reform and central bank reform are the product of the central government's "selective recentration" measures. In the 1990s, the central government strengthened the central government's ability to absorb financial resources from local governments. At the same time, the grass-roots governments lacked the financial resources to carry out the construction of social public services at the grass-roots level, resulting in a decline in the ability of local governments to govern. Grass-roots regime gradually "suspends" and above the grassroots society, which is the unexpected result of the selective centralization reform of the central government.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学国际关系学院;
【基金】：中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目成果(17XNH024)
【分类号】：D630

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