当代中国风险社会的风险分配及其制度逻辑

发布时间：2018-12-13 12:31

【摘要】：随着全球化的不断深入,我国已经进入了全球风险社会,加之我国的特殊国情,我国所面临的风险更加具有复合性,我们在享受全球化带来的经济成果的同时,也在经历着财富分配和风险分配这两个不同时段的社会问题在同一时间共同呈现的特殊阶段。近年来,各种风险问题也正在不断凸显出来,唤醒人们的风险思维,逐步成为人们日常生活和学术界的热点话题。文章以“制度主义者”贝克和吉登斯的风险社会理论为基础,结合当代中国风险社会的特征,提出“制度不公正”是当代中国风险分配不公正的主要根源,并以几个制度为例具体分析了制度不公正对社会风险分配所产生的影响以及我国风险分配的现状。制度不公正导致了风险人在面对社会风险时所拥有的风险应对能力不同,于是就出现了风险强势群体和风险弱势群体的分化。那些有权势、有财富、有知识的风险强势群体往往就会利用手中的特权来使得事情总是往有利于他们的方向进行,或者进行风险的转嫁,他们总是制造风险,再建立一套话语来推卸责任,这就是所谓的“有组织的不负责任”。然而,这些风险制造者最终并不能免于风险的责难,因为全球化时代的风险会逐渐演变为“终极风险”,“终极风险”面前人人平等,那些早期凭借权势、财富与知识进行风险转嫁的人或早或晚都会收到来自风险的报应。因此,充分认识当代中国风险社会的制度性特征,看清风险分配不公正背后的制度不公正本质,对于实现我国社会风险公平再分配具有非常重要的意义。然而,从制度角度来解决风险分配不公正问题并不意味着要重新创建制度,而是要在原有制度的基础上进行制度再造,使得制度朝着减少风险产生、保证风险权势在风险人之间公平分配、优先化解低层次风险这三个方向进行,这样的制度才是正义的制度。同时还要保证公民在风险分配方面的话语权,增加其在风险决策方面的参与程度,这样才能从根本上提高公民认识和应对风险的能力,减少社会风险的生成,达到风险社会治理的目的。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of globalization, our country has entered the global risk society, in addition to the special national conditions of our country, the risks facing China are more complex, while we enjoy the economic fruits of globalization. At the same time, the social problems of wealth distribution and risk distribution are presented at the same time. In recent years, a variety of risk issues are also emerging, awaken people's risk thinking, gradually become a hot topic in people's daily life and academic circles. Based on the risk society theory of "institutionalist" Baker and Giddens, combined with the characteristics of contemporary China's risk society, this paper points out that "institutional injustice" is the main source of risk distribution injustice in contemporary China. Taking several institutions as examples, this paper analyzes the influence of institutional injustice on social risk distribution and the present situation of risk distribution in China. Institutional injustice leads to different risk coping ability of risk person in the face of social risk, so there is a strong risk group and risk vulnerable group differentiation. Powerful, wealthy, knowledgeable and risky groups tend to use their privileges to keep things going in their favor, or to pass on risk, and they always create risk. Another set of words to shirk responsibility is called "organized irresponsibility." Ultimately, however, these risk-makers are not immune to the blame of risk, because risks in the age of globalization will evolve into "ultimate risk", "ultimate risk" in front of everyone equal, those who, in the early days, relied on power. Those who pass on wealth and knowledge risk will receive payoffs from risk sooner or later. Therefore, it is of great significance to realize the fair redistribution of risk in our society by fully understanding the institutional characteristics of the contemporary Chinese risk society and seeing the essence of institutional injustice behind the unfair distribution of risks. However, to solve the problem of unfair distribution of risk from the perspective of institution does not mean to recreate the system, but to rebuild the system on the basis of the original system, which makes the system to reduce the risk. To ensure the fair distribution of the risk power among the risk people and the priority to resolve the lower risk, such a system is the system of justice. At the same time, we should also ensure that citizens have a voice in risk distribution and increase their participation in risk decision-making, so as to fundamentally enhance citizens' ability to understand and cope with risks and reduce the generation of social risks. To achieve the goal of risk social governance.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D630

【参考文献】