山西省高速公路应急管理能力提升研究

发布时间：2018-12-16 08:26

【摘要】：高速公路是现代交通运输的重要通道,随着国民经济的不断发展,它承担了越来越多的运输任务,高速公路平稳快速的发展关乎整个社会的经济命脉。随着全国高速公路网的大力建设,山西省的高速公路也迎来了发展的黄金阶段,但是频发的高速公路突发事件却对山西省高速公路的健康发展提出了不小的挑战,怎样才能建立与高速公路运营管理相适应的突发事件应急管理体制,怎样制定和编写可操作性强的应急预案并保证预案的科学使用,怎样在事件发生后实行快速、高效的应急处置,已经成为阻碍高速公路快速发展的问题,应该引起相关管理者和领导部门的重视。本文首先解释了与高速公路突发事件相关的概念,说明了它的特点和分类,然后对山西省高速公路应急管理现状从事前预防和应急预案编制两部分内容进行了分析,同时结合山西省高速公路近年来发生的典型突发事件应急处置过程,找出现阶段在山西省高速公路突发事件应急管理过程中存在着部门间沟通不畅、体制仍然不健全、应急救援配备不到位的问题。接下来对德国、美国、日本等发达国家高速公路应急管理经验做了相关分析,总结出可以作为山西省高速公路应急管理的经验借鉴的共同点,结合现有问题,提出了山西省高速公路应急管理能力提升的建议。认为可以从四个方面入手,即首先必须建立与山西省高速公路运营管理体系相协调的指挥和协调系统,才能保证应急救援的时效性和有效性;其次要建立完善的突发事件预警机制,可以在现阶段事前预防工作的基础上继续完善,重点在事发后对事发路段前后行驶车辆的预警;第三要建立专业救援队伍,保障救援装备的配备,第四要在法律层面上健全应急管理法律体系,从司法和立法方面保障应急管理的顺利实施。
[Abstract]:Expressway is an important passage of modern transportation. With the development of national economy, it undertakes more and more transportation tasks, and the steady and rapid development of expressway relates to the economic lifeline of the whole society. With the rapid construction of the national highway network, the highway in Shanxi Province has also ushered in the golden stage of development. However, the frequent emergencies of the highway have posed a great challenge to the healthy development of the highway in Shanxi Province. How to establish the emergency management system suitable to the expressway operation management, how to make and compile the operable emergency plan and ensure the scientific use of the emergency plan, how to implement the emergency management system quickly after the occurrence of the incident, Efficient emergency management has become an obstacle to the rapid development of expressway, which should be paid attention to by relevant managers and leading departments. This paper first explains the concept related to expressway emergencies, explains its characteristics and classification, and then analyzes the current situation of expressway emergency management in Shanxi Province engaged in pre-prevention and emergency plan preparation two parts of the content. At the same time, combined with the typical emergency handling process of Shanxi Expressway in recent years, in the emergency management process of Shanxi Expressway Emergency, there is a lack of communication between departments, and the system is still not perfect. The emergency rescue equipment is not in place. Next, it makes a related analysis on the experiences of expressway emergency management in developed countries, such as Germany, the United States and Japan, and sums up the common points that can be used for reference in expressway emergency management in Shanxi Province, combining with the existing problems. Some suggestions on how to improve the ability of emergency management of expressway in Shanxi province are put forward. The author thinks that we can start with four aspects: first, we must establish a command and coordination system that coordinates with the highway operation and management system in Shanxi Province, in order to ensure the timeliness and effectiveness of emergency rescue; Secondly, it is necessary to establish a perfect early warning mechanism for emergencies, which can continue to be perfected on the basis of the prevention work before and after the accident, with emphasis on the early warning of vehicles driving before and after the accident. Third, it is necessary to establish professional rescue teams to ensure the equipment of rescue, and fourth, to improve the legal system of emergency management on the legal level, and to guarantee the smooth implementation of emergency management from the aspects of justice and legislation.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D63

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