基于复杂系统理论的政务大数据系统研究

发布时间：2019-02-13 10:06

【摘要】：我国电子政务经过二十多年的发展,取得了众所周知的巨大成绩,但是电子政务的发展同样面临诸多的问题,如：信息孤岛现象普遍、建设成本过高、数据开放不足、协调困难、低水平重复建设情况严重、整体满意度降低等,这些问题成为当前电子政务发展首先要解决的关键问题。造成这类问题的原因十分复杂,如果仅仅在原有电子政务建设模式的基础上加强管理和监督,推动局部的改进,无疑是治标不治本。必须充分认识到电子政务发展过程中的复杂性,针对复杂性问题制定有关策略和具体措施,才能从根本上提升电子政务的整体水平。而大数据理念的迅速普及、技术的快速发展和应用的不断深入为电子政务的发展提供了新的思路。如何以政务大数据的开发、开放、应用促进大数据产业的发展,如何进行政务大数据系统的建设来促进电子政务的发展成为政府部门和专家学者研究的热门话题。本文运用大数据思维和系统思维并结合复杂系统理论,将政务大数据系统建设看成是一个复杂系统。对政务大数据系统的内涵、复杂性、管理对策和关键架构的设计进行了研究。首先,文章分析了政务大数据系统的内涵。接着,文章从大数据与大矛盾、电子政务悖论和政务大数据发展障碍的复杂性(主要包括要素、结构、状态和过程四个方面的复杂性)等方面对政务大数据存在问题的复杂性进行了研究；同时结合复杂系统理论,指出政务大数据系统是一个复杂系统,分析了政务大数据系统作为一个社会系统表现出的开放性、多层次性、涌现性、巨大性、非平衡性和自适应性等复杂性特征。然后,指出了要让政务大数据系统呈现出最佳的整体涌现性,必须立足系统本身的复杂性,并从复杂系统视角提出了政务大数据的4条发展策略：基于政务服务大数据中心的复杂网络结构优化策略；具有分形特点的块数据发展策略；以大整合促进大涌现的大数据发展策略；自组织与他组织共同作用的发展策略。最后,对政务大数据系统的关键架构进行了设计,即基于云计算的政务公共平台的架构设计、政务服务大数据公共平台的整体框架设计以及政务服务大数据中心的组织架构设计。
[Abstract]:After more than 20 years of development, E-government in our country has made great achievements, but the development of e-government also faces many problems, such as: the phenomenon of information isolated islands is common, the construction cost is too high, and the data opening is insufficient. It is difficult to coordinate, the low level of repeated construction is serious, and the overall satisfaction is reduced. These problems have become the first key issues to be solved in the development of E-government. The causes of this kind of problems are very complex. If we only strengthen the management and supervision on the basis of the original e-government construction mode, and promote the partial improvement, it is undoubtedly that the symptoms are not treated at all. In order to improve the overall level of e-government, we must fully recognize the complexity in the development of e-government, and formulate relevant strategies and concrete measures to solve the complexity problems. The rapid popularization of big data's idea, the rapid development of technology and the deepening of application have provided new ideas for the development of e-government. How to develop and open up the government affairs big data, how to promote the industrial development of big data industry, and how to build the system of the government administration big data system to promote the development of e-government has become a hot topic for government departments and experts and scholars to study. In this paper, big data thinking and system thinking combined with complex system theory are used to regard the system construction as a complex system. This paper studies the connotation, complexity, management countermeasure and key structure design of big data system. First of all, the article analyzes the connotation of government affairs big data system. Then, the article starts with the complexity of big data and the big contradiction, the paradox of e-government and the obstacles to the development of the government, including the elements, structure, etc. This paper studies the complexity of the problems existing in the government affairs big data from the four aspects of complexity of state and process. Combined with the complex system theory, this paper points out that the government affairs big data system is a complex system, and analyzes the openness, multi-level, emergence, and huge performance of the government affairs big data system as a social system. Complexity features such as non-equilibrium and self-adaptation. Then, it is pointed out that in order for the government affairs big data system to present the best overall emergence, it must be based on the complexity of the system itself. From the perspective of complex system, this paper puts forward four development strategies of government affairs big data: the optimization strategy of complex network structure based on big data center of government affairs service; The development strategy of block data with fractal characteristics; big data's development strategy of promoting emergence with great integration; and the development strategy of self-organization and other organizations working together. Finally, the key architecture of the government big data system is designed, that is, the architecture design of the public government platform based on cloud computing. The overall framework design of big data public platform and the organizational structure design of big data Center.
【学位授予单位】：广东技术师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D63;N941.4

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