从“结构”到“文化”的演进:布鲁纳教育研究范式转换及其当代意义

发布时间：2018-01-08 20:30

本文关键词：从“结构”到“文化”的演进:布鲁纳教育研究范式转换及其当代意义　出处：《现代远程教育研究》2017年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：教育学与心理学在整个20世纪呈现出错综复杂的交互关系:20世纪初心理学家转向教育研究,历经从行为主义到认知主义的变迁,以及认知革命从"结构"到"计算"的路径更替。虽在短时间内极大提升了教育学的科学化水平与学科地位,但也为本应充满人文关怀的教育与心理研究留下了"个体主义"与"唯我论"两大麻烦,由此导致理论研究与实践探索彼此割裂的历史困局。在这一宏观历史背景下,集心理学家与教育学家于一身的布鲁纳,先是作为认知心理学家引领了20世纪60年代心理学领域的认知革命,而后以认知心理学家的身份转向教育研究,把基于认知心理学构建的教育理论推向实践,最后又从教育实践返回到教育理论,通过"叙事转向"中对教育本质的重新界定,扬弃了自己早期基于心理学构建起来的教育理论,开创了教育研究的文化新取向,为推动教育与心理研究中"科学"与"人文"两种文化的融合开辟了新道路。沿着布鲁纳从"结构"到"文化"学术思想的演进路径,未来我们应树立起兼容并包的广义科学观,重塑教育与心理研究的学科文化,并建立起基于复杂性科学的教育与心理研究方法学机制。
[Abstract]:Education and psychology in the twentieth Century showed a complicated interactive relationship: education research to the psychologist at the beginning of twentieth Century, after the transition from behaviorism to cognitive theory, and the cognitive revolution from the "structure" to "calculate" the path of change. Although in a short period of time greatly enhance the scientific level and discipline education, but it should be full of humane care and psychological education of left "individualism" and "solipsism" two big trouble for this, which leads to explore the separate historical dilemma of the theory research and practice. In the macro historical background, psychologists and educators set in one of the first Bruner. As a cognitive psychologist led the cognitive revolution of 1960s in the field of psychology, and then to cognitive psychologist to educational research, based on the cognitive psychology theory to construct the education. In practice, and finally from the practice of education return to education theory, through the "narrative turn" in the essence of education re defined, abandoning the education based on the theory of psychology to build up their early, ushered in a new cultural orientation of educational research, to promote the educational and psychological research in "science" and "humanities" two kinds of culture fusion has opened up a new road. Along with Bruner from the "structure" to "cultural evolution path" academic thought, the future we should set up general science view education and reshape all-embracing, psychological research subject culture, and establish a mechanism of education and psychology research methods based on complexity science.

【作者单位】：华中师范大学教育信息技术学院;华中师范大学信息化与基础教育均衡发展协同创新中心;
【分类号】：G40
【正文快照】： 布鲁纳是20世纪教育与心理研究领域内一位非常有影响而且身份很特殊的人物,在教育与心理研究的“璀璨星空”中具有独特的历史地位,是教育学与心理学领域中一个非常引人注目的话题(宋文里,2010;郑旭东等,2015)。大卫·奥尔森(David Olson)在《布鲁纳:教育理论中的认知革命》一

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