孔子德育思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 14:18

本文选题：孔子　切入点：德育　出处：《辽宁工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为中国古代历史上的第一位伦理学家孔子,首次系统、全面的建构了中国古代道德理论体系,其道德教育思想是孔子道德理论体系中的主要组成部分。本文详细分析了孔子道德教育思想形成的历史背景:就社会背景而言,孔子德育思想形成于春秋战国时代,社会生产力发展和商业兴盛、文化下移使孔子德育思想的产生成为可能,而这一时期王道衰落、霸权盛行,臣弑君、子弑父的现象时有发生,政权更迭、社会动荡和“百家争鸣”局面的出现,使孔子德育思想的产生成为必要;就家庭背景而言,孔子生活在没落的贵族家庭,贵族的出身使他在为儿嬉戏时仍能经常“陈俎豆,设礼容”,而家道的没落也使他“少也贱,故多能鄙事”。作为一个有社会责任感的知识分子,孔子希望能通过道德教育实现个体的“为仁由己”、“克己复礼”,群体的“以和为贵”来恢复社会秩序。在孔子德育思想形成背景研究的基础上,提出了德合天地的“圣人”、德才兼备的“贤人”、笃行信道的“君子”、心定计守的“士”四个层次递进的德育目标,进而阐述了以“仁”为道德教育核心、以“义”为道德教育价值准则、以“礼”为道德教育基本规范、以“智”为道德教育认知标准、以“信”为道德教育基本要义的德育内容。在此基础上,论文分析了孔子德育的基本原则,包括重视仁智勇三种道德素养、遵循诗礼乐三个道德培养层次、培养推己及人的道德思维、践行克己复礼的道德行为,并探讨了孔子德育的主要方法,对于为政者来说要做到仁政爱民,对于为师者来说要做到教学相长,对于为己者来说要做到克己内省,对于为群者来说要做到以和为贵。在上述的基础上,本文对孔子德育思想做出历史评价,通过对孔子德育思想进行正反两方面的思考评价,创新性的提出了孔子道德教育思想的创造性转化:对德育目标进行层次性转化,对德育内容进行多维性转化,对德育方法进行个性化转化。最后分析了孔子德育思想对培育国际和平、推进社会和谐以及提升当代学校道德教育三方面的价值。
[Abstract]:As the first ethicist in ancient Chinese history, Confucius, for the first time, systematically and comprehensively constructed the ancient Chinese moral theory system. His moral education thought is the main component of Confucius' moral theory system. This paper analyzes in detail the historical background of Confucius' moral education thought formation: in terms of social background, Confucius' moral education thought was formed in the Spring and Autumn and warring States period. The development of social productive forces and the prosperity of commerce made it possible for Confucius's moral education thought to come into being. However, in this period, the king's way declined, hegemony prevailed, the phenomenon of killing king by his ministers, killing his father by his son, and changing political power occurred from time to time. The emergence of social unrest and "a hundred schools of thought contending" made the emergence of Confucius' moral education thought necessary; as far as the family background was concerned, Confucius lived in a declining aristocratic family, and his aristocratic origins enabled him to still often "Chen Zou" when he was playing for his son. "be polite," and the decline of his family has made him "cheap and small, so he can be contemptible." as an intellectual with a sense of social responsibility, Confucius hoped to restore social order through moral education, such as "to be benevolent by oneself", "to be obedient to himself", and "to take harmony as the most important thing" to restore social order. On the basis of the background study on the formation of Confucius' moral education thought, Confucius hoped to restore social order through moral education. This paper puts forward the "sage" of virtue and heaven, the "sage" of virtue and talent, the "gentleman" who is faithful, and the progressive goal of moral education at four levels, which are determined and guarded by heart, and then expounds that "benevolence" is the core of moral education, and that "benevolence" is the core of moral education, and that "benevolence" is the core of moral education. Taking "righteousness" as the value criterion of moral education, "propriety" as the basic criterion of moral education, "wisdom" as the cognitive standard of moral education, and "faith" as the basic content of moral education. The paper analyzes the basic principles of Confucius' moral education, including paying attention to the three moral qualities of benevolence, intelligence and valor, following the three levels of moral cultivation of poetry, etiquette and music, cultivating the moral thinking of pushing oneself and people, and practicing the moral behavior of repelling oneself. And discussed the main methods of Confucius moral education, for the political people to be benevolent and loving the people, for the teachers to learn from each other, for those who want to do for their own introspection, On the basis of the above mentioned, this paper makes a historical evaluation of Confucius' moral education thought, through the positive and negative aspects of Confucius' moral education thought evaluation, Innovatively put forward the creative transformation of Confucius' moral education thought: to the moral education goal to carry on the hierarchical transformation, to carry on the multi-dimensional transformation to the moral education content, Finally, the author analyzes the value of Confucius' moral education in fostering international peace, promoting social harmony and promoting moral education in contemporary schools.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G41;B222.2

【参考文献】