教育扩张对农民收入的影响——以文革期间的农村教育扩张政策为例

发布时间：2018-07-03 19:30

本文选题：教育收益率 + 农民收入　；参考：《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2015年06期

【摘要】：随着我国城乡收入差距的不断扩大,人们开始关注教育扩张对农民收入的影响。从既有文献来看,大多数研究集中在高等教育扩张上,然而由于高教扩张对农民收入的影响较小,这些研究的结果并不能为相关的政策制定提供有力的支持。此外,现有文献对我国农村教育收益率的估计普遍偏低,与对世界其他同等教育发展水平国家的教育收益率估计结果并不一致。本文利用20世纪70年代开始的"基础教育扩张"政策作为工具变量,分析了1948—1965年间出生的农村户籍人口在不同生命节点的教育收益率,以此研究农村的教育收益率和教育扩张对增加农民收入的作用。通过对中国住户收入数据库1995、2002和2007年农村数据的分析发现:1953—1961年出生人群的平均受教育年限比1950年出生人群高出1.5年,女性受教育年限的增长快于男性。受影响最大的1960年出生组的高中教育参与率达到13.8%,而1951年出生组的高中教育参与率仅为2.8%。虽然文革期间的教育扩张大大降低了教学质量,但从之后的收益表现而言,即便控制了无法观察的能力影响,农村家庭平均收入回报率和非农务工收入回报率依然很高且有不断上升的趋势,暗含着教育扩张有利于增加农民的收入。以1995年数据为例,控制时间和其他可观测变量后教育扩张使得1953-1961年出生群体的平均受教育年限增加了1.1年,这意味着教育扩张使得该群体家庭年平均收入增加了12.4%,非农收入增加了15.5%。从长期来看,全面提高农村地区的教育水平不仅有助于缩小城乡收入差距,还有助于缓解代际收入差距,是较为有效的政策措施。
[Abstract]:With the increasing income gap between urban and rural areas in China, people begin to pay attention to the impact of education expansion on farmers' income. From the existing literature, most of the studies focus on the expansion of higher education, but because of the small impact of higher education expansion on farmers' income, the results of these studies can not provide strong support for the relevant policy making. In addition, the current literature estimates the rural education return rate of our country is generally low, which is not consistent with the results of other countries with the same level of educational development in the world. Using the policy of "basic education expansion" which began in the 1970s as a tool variable, this paper analyzes the educational return rate of the rural household registration population born in 1948-1965 at different life nodes. This paper studies the effect of rural education yield and education expansion on increasing farmers' income. By analyzing the rural data of China Household income Database 1995 / 2002 and 2007, it is found that the average education years of people born in the year 1953-1961 are 1.5 years longer than those born in 1950, and the years of education for women are increasing faster than those for men. The most affected group, born in 1960, had a high school education participation rate of 13.8 percent, while the 1951 birth group had a high school education participation rate of only 2.8 percent. Although the expansion of education during the Cultural Revolution significantly reduced the quality of teaching, in terms of subsequent performance, even after controlling the impact of unobservable capacity, The average income return rate of rural households and the income return rate of non-farm workers are still very high and have a rising trend, implying that education expansion is conducive to increasing farmers' income. Taking the 1995 data as an example, the expansion of education after controlling for time and other observable variables increased the average number of years of schooling for birth groups by 1.1 years between 1953 and 1961. This means that the educational expansion has increased the average annual income of this group by 12.4 and non-farm incomes by 15.5. In the long run, improving the education level in rural areas is not only helpful to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas, but also helps to alleviate the income gap between generations. It is a more effective policy measure.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金青年项目“教育的代际传导机制及相关政策研究”(71203014) 教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“提高居民收入在国民收入中的比重研究”(11JZD015) 中央高校基本科研业务费“打破教育的贫困性陷阱”
【分类号】：G40-054

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