初中化学教学中科学方法教育的现状及对策研究

发布时间：2017-12-30 19:25

本文关键词：初中化学教学中科学方法教育的现状及对策研究　出处：《华中师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：科学方法是科学素养的重要部分,科学方法教育是学生获取科学知识、培养探究精神的重要途径。新课程的改革,凸显了科学方法教育的重要性。化学课程标准的三维目标包含了“过程与方法”,其可以指单个学科的探究过程与探究方法,也可以指为了达到教学目标所必须经历的程序,还可以指学生通过发现问题、分析问题、解决问题而获取知识的过程。但是科学方法是与知识不同的,知识涉及的是物质世界本身,科学方法涉及的却是认识物质世界的途径和方式,具有高度抽象性。正因为如此,科学方法是不能直接通过学科知识表达,它有着较为独特的表达方式,比起概念、定义、公式等更加的隐蔽。科学并不单单是对自然规律的揭示,相比之下更重要的是研究自然规律的方法,如果一门学科不能够形成自己特有的科学方法,就不能将其称为科学。不同学科依据自身研究对象的特性,构建符合掌握这种特性的方法,就是这门学科特有的工作方法以及思维方法。在初中化学教学实践中,讲授化学学科知识时,充分体验科学认识是从感性、理性到应用的过程,强调培养学生学习的方法,结合具体的教学内容进行落实。这要求学生在化学学习中能够接受科学方法教育,并且对科学方法的使用达到较高的运用水平。本文主要分为四个部分：第一部分阐述了科学方法教育提出的意义。第二部分介绍了科学方法的核心概念和原则。第三部分将常见的化学科学方法做了整理,并且结合化学教学内容进行了案例分析。第四部分是对于问卷调查结果的处理和分析,从教师和学生这两个方面了解初中化学科学方法教育的现状,发现化学课堂教学中科学方法教育存在的问题和不足之处。调查的学校分为农村中学和城区中学,从两个不同类型学校的学生回答情况中了解学校地区因素对科学方法教育的影响。通过问卷调查及分析,得出以下的结论：(1)初中生化学科学方法处于较低的使用水平,对于科学方法的应用以及意义只处在表面阶段；(2)不同类型学校的学生,对于科学方法的掌握水平也是存在一定差异的,相对于农村中学,城区中学学生对科学方法的掌握水平和思想观念略高；(3)不同类型学校的学生大部分认为科学方法的学习是有必要的；(4)教师能够做到在课堂上有意识做到科学方法教育,但是对于科学方法教育的方式较为保守；(5)教师的教学行为对学生的认知水平有着较大的影响。第五部分,根据调查分析结果,有针对性的提出了五条初中化学科学方法教育的教学对策。科学方法是培养学生基础能力的有力工具、是全面提高学生科学素养保证学生可持续发展的重要因素。授人以鱼不如授人以渔,科学方法就是“渔”,加强科学方法教育是培养新世纪学生的必经之路,虽然科学方法教育具有长期性和艰巨性的特点,但是肯定值得广大教师继续努力推广和发展。
[Abstract]:The scientific method is an important part of scientific literacy, scientific method education is for students to acquire scientific knowledge, an important way to cultivate the spirit of inquiry. The new curriculum reform, highlighting the importance of scientific method education. 3D chemistry curriculum standard includes the "process and method", which can refer to and explore the method to explore the process of a single subject. Can also refer to the experience in order to achieve the goal of teaching the necessary procedures, you can also refer to the analysis of the students found the problem, solve the problem, and the process of acquiring knowledge. But the scientific method and knowledge is different, knowledge is related to the material world itself, ways and means of physical science methods involved is highly recognized, abstract. Because of this, the scientific method is not directly through the knowledge expression, it has a way of expression is more unique than the concept, definition, formula etc. With the subtle. Science does not only reveal the laws of nature, compared with the more important is the method of studying the law of nature, if a subject could not form their own unique scientific method, cannot be called science. According to the characteristics of the different disciplines of research object, construct a method to master this characteristic. The work is unique in this subject and thinking methods. In Chemistry Teaching in junior middle school, the teaching of chemistry knowledge, experience the full scientific understanding is from the perceptual to rational, application process, learning method emphasizes the cultivation of students, combined with the specific teaching content of implementation. This requires students to be able to accept the education of scientific methods in in chemistry learning, and the use of scientific methods to achieve a higher level of use. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part expounds the meaning of scientific method education Meaning. The second part introduces the core concepts and principles of the scientific method. The third part will be the common chemical scientific methods to do the finishing, and combined with the content of chemistry teaching is analyzed. The fourth part is the processing and analysis for the results of a questionnaire survey, to understand the status quo of scientific method education in junior middle school chemistry teachers and students from the two aspects there, the education of scientific methods in chemistry classroom teaching problems and shortcomings. The schools are divided into rural middle school and middle school, from two different types of school students answer about the school factors influence on the area of the education with scientific methods. Through the questionnaire survey and analysis, draw the following conclusions: (1) chemical the scientific method of junior middle school students in the low level of use for the application and the significance of the scientific method in the surface phase; (2) in different types of schools, for The scientific method mastery level also exists some differences, with respect to the rural middle school, high school students in the urban area of scientific methods and ideas of a slightly higher level of mastery; (3) different types of school students mostly think learning scientific methods is necessary; (4) the teacher can do in the classroom consciously do scientific method education however, for scientific education method is conservative; (5) have a greater influence on the teaching behavior of teachers on students' cognitive level. In the fifth part, according to the survey results, puts forward the teaching strategies of five junior high school chemistry science education. The scientific method is a powerful tool to cultivate students' basic ability comprehensively improve the scientific literacy of students, is an important factor to ensure the sustainable development of the students. Teach a man to fish as delegate to fish, "fish", the scientific method is to strengthen the scientific method of teaching Education is the only way to train students in the new century. Although the scientific method education has the characteristics of long-term and arduous, it is worth the efforts of teachers to continue to promote and develop.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.8

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