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人教版与粤沪版初中物理教材比较研究

发布时间:2017-12-31 06:26

  本文关键词:人教版与粤沪版初中物理教材比较研究 出处:《陕西师范大学》2015年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文


  更多相关文章: 初中物理教材 教材比较 教材难度


【摘要】:教材是为了培育后代而精心选编的人类文化科学知识的载体。从内容上看,基础物理教材应该包括物理知识、物理思想和物理方法。从结构上看,基础物理教材应该包括一个基本结构(即物理学的知识结构)和两个渗透结构(即能力结构和评析结构),后者是渗进于前者之中的。中学物理教材的建设方针是在统一教学基本要求和统一审定课程目标的前提下,有领导、有计划地实现物理教材多样化,以适应我国不同地区各类学校。目前我国八个版本的初中物理教材,本论文选择同时在2012年审定的新人教版和粤沪版初中物理教材进行比较,两套版本教材在体现新课标要求的同时又在具体物理知识结构编排上各具特色,具有一定的研究比较价值。了解每个版本教材物理知识的编排特色和难易程度,有助于我们较好地把握每套教材的本质,更好的实现我国物理基础教育的目标、方针和宗旨。由于每套教材编排形式各有侧重和优缺,难易程度不一,对其进行深入地研究比较,挖掘各自特点,有助于物理教师在教学过程中明确每套教材的优越性,归纳总结、合理地选取并组织各套教材的优势内容进行实际教学。本论文最终目的,就是帮助一线教育工作者在教学过程中,能以整体为背景,分析各部教材的特点,进行有效教学。本研究以文献研究法、比较法、统计法为主要研究方法。主要的研究内容为两版教材中知识结构、教材的呈现方式,包括栏目设置、探究实验、图表等以及光学部分知识内容的难易程度比较。比较结论如下:(1)两版教材知识结构比较整体而言,两版教材都是按照2011年版的义务教育物理课程标准编排的,内容相差不大,但是在顺序展开方面,人教版除了按照模块知识安排以外,还考虑了知识的逻辑顺序。(2)两版教材呈现方式比较从总体上看,两版教材都注重实验教学,关注课外阅读材料,注重物理与科学、社会、生活的联系。人教版栏目设置相对严谨细致,逻辑性较强,实验类型明确,突出探究实验,整本教材的设计比较有利于学生的自学。粤沪版“金钥匙”教给学生物理学的思想和科学方法, “自我评价与作业”注重基础,相对简单,利用初中学生好胜心里,使学生在学习后有较强的成就感,增强学生学习物理的兴趣。(3)光学难易程度比较从难度量化结果可以看出,在光学部分中,人教版内容难度要高于粤沪版难度。人教版更注重知识的深度与广度,粤沪版则更注重光学与学生生活实际的联系,在社会生活与科学技术渗透方面更好一些。
[Abstract]:The textbook is a carrier of human cultural and scientific knowledge carefully selected to cultivate future generations. From the content point of view, the basic physics textbook should include physical knowledge, physical ideas and physical methods, and from the structure point of view. The basic physics teaching material should include one basic structure (that is, the knowledge structure of physics) and two permeable structures (namely the ability structure and the appraisal structure). The latter is infiltrated into the former. The construction policy of middle school physics teaching materials is to realize the diversification of physics teaching materials in a planned way under the premise of unifying the basic requirements of teaching and unifying the curriculum objectives. In order to adapt to all kinds of schools in different areas of our country. At present, eight versions of junior high school physics textbooks are compared in this paper, which is approved in 2012 between the new edition of junior high school physics teaching materials and the Yueh-Shanghai version of junior middle school physics textbooks. The two sets of textbooks not only embody the requirements of the new curriculum standard, but also have their own characteristics in the arrangement of specific physical knowledge structure. It is helpful for us to grasp the essence of each set of teaching materials and better realize the goals, principles and purposes of basic physical education in our country. Because each set of textbooks has its own emphasis and advantages and disadvantages, the difficulty is different. It is helpful for physics teachers to make clear the advantages of each set of teaching materials in the process of teaching and to sum up and sum up the advantages of each set of teaching materials. Reasonable selection and organization of each set of teaching materials for practical teaching. The ultimate purpose of this paper is to help front-line educators in the teaching process, with the overall background, analysis of the characteristics of the teaching materials. The main content of this study is the knowledge structure in the two editions of textbooks, the presentation of teaching materials, including column setting, inquiry experiment. Comparison of the difficulty and ease of knowledge content in the optical part. The conclusion of the comparison is as follows: 1) the knowledge structure of the two editions of the textbook is compared as a whole. The two textbooks are arranged according to the 2011 edition of compulsory education physics curriculum standards, the content is not different, but in the order of development, in addition to according to the module of knowledge arrangement. Also considered the logical sequence of knowledge. 2) the presentation of the two versions of the teaching materials from the overall point of view, the two editions of the textbook focus on experimental teaching, pay attention to extra-curricular reading materials, physics and science, society. People education version column set up relatively rigorous and meticulous, logical strong, the experimental type is clear, outstanding inquiry experiment. The design of the whole textbook is beneficial to students' self-study. "Golden key" of Yueh-Shanghai edition teaches students the thought and scientific method of physics, and "Self-evaluation and homework" pays attention to the foundation and is relatively simple. Make use of junior high school students' good will to win, make the students have a strong sense of achievement after studying, enhance the students' interest in learning physics. 3) the degree of optical difficulty can be seen from the difficulty quantification result, in the optics part. The content of the edition is more difficult than that of the Shanghai edition, which pays more attention to the depth and breadth of knowledge, and to the relationship between optics and the reality of students' life, and is better in the aspects of social life and the penetration of science and technology.
【学位授予单位】:陕西师范大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2015
【分类号】:G633.7

【参考文献】

相关期刊论文 前5条

1 胡南琦;谈谈美国科学教育发展和高等院校教学与教材的情况(上)[J];大学物理;1984年05期

2 恽瑛,冯洛s,

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