高一学生化学问题解决负迁移的诊断与矫正

发布时间：2018-01-05 15:44

本文关键词：高一学生化学问题解决负迁移的诊断与矫正　出处：《福建师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“终身教育”已成为现代教育的基本理念,教学的目的是教给学生“能带走的能力”。然而,目睹中国教育之现状,应试教育的弊端催生了大量负迁移的发生,学生的问题解决能力更是不容乐观。为此,本课题编制出高一学生化学问题解决负迁移的诊断性调查问卷,从学生的认知水平、学习能力、元认知水平及教师因素四个维度对学生进行全面性诊断,并对问卷的信度和效度进行评估。根据分析结果并编制出诊断性试卷对学生的问题解决能力进行全面性诊断,经研究诊断出问题解决负迁移的病因,学生层面表现为肤浅性负迁移、知识性负迁移、定势性负迁移、相异构想性负迁移和心理性负迁移,教师层面表现在教导策略的缺失和过度训练导致学生思维僵化等方面。而并根据诊断结果对学生层面采用问题分解策略、类比策略及反思策略进行矫治,教师层面采用重视双基教育、注重实验教学、强化变式训练、形成认知冲突、共性归纳演绎,特性强化教导等策略进行矫治。该课题对学生化学问题解决负迁移的各个方面进行了研究,以帮助学习者提高化学问题解决的效率。
[Abstract]:"Lifelong education" has become the basic concept of modern education, the purpose of teaching is to teach the students "ability" can take away. However, the status quo Chinese witnessed education, exam oriented education system has spawned a lot of negative transfer, problem-solving ability of students is not optimistic. Therefore, this paper developed a high the students of chemical problem solving of the negative transfer of diagnostic questionnaire, from the cognitive level, learning ability of students, a comprehensive diagnosis of students four dimensions of metacognition level and teachers' factors, and the reliability and validity of evaluation. According to the results of the analysis and the preparation of the diagnostic test of the ability of students to solve problems comprehensively the diagnosis, the etiology of diagnosis to solve the problem of negative transfer, the level of students is superficial negative transfer, negative transfer of knowledge, thinking of negative transfer, negative transfer and alternative conceptions of Psychology Negative transfer, the level of teachers in teaching strategies and lack of overtraining causes students to rigid thinking etc. according to the diagnosis results of the level of students using problem decomposition strategy, analogy strategy and reflection strategy forcorrection, teachers using the double base education, the experimental teaching, strengthen variant training, the formation of cognitive conflict, common induction and deduction, strengthen the teaching strategy forcorrection characteristics. The research on problem solving aspects of negative transfer, in order to help learners to improve the efficiency of problem solving.

【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.8

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