基于学生导数理解障碍的教学设计研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 06:06

本文关键词：基于学生导数理解障碍的教学设计研究　出处：《四川师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：微积分作为高中选修课程已经成为许多国家的课程内容。我国的《普通高中数学课程标准(实验)》(以下简称《标准》)强调微积分教学突出导数概念的本质以及注重培养学生应用能力及思维能力;重视渗透数学思想方法教育的文化价值。本文结合新课标对高中导数的教与学现状进行问卷调查,根据问卷调查结果,从学生的问题出发,设计测试问卷,再从访谈调查中深入了解情况,通过文献调查法得到科学理论的支持,笔者确定本文研究的课题主要包括:1、探讨学生学习导数理解障碍的原因。2、对转化导数学习理解障碍问题进行理论与实践的研究。3、对转化导数理解障碍进行案例设计研究及研究性活动设计。学生问卷调查主要有以下六方面内容:(1)个人学习导数的习惯及经验情况(2)个人学习导数在知识与技能方面的理解(3)个人学习导数在过程与方法方面的获得情况(4)个人学习导数在情感态度与价值观方面的认识情况(5)个人对导数教学的要求(6)个人对导数数学文化情况的了解。测试问卷调查的主要有以下四个方面内容:(1)基础题型考查导数的有关概念(2)高考改编题型考查导数在函数中的应用(3)课本原题考查生活中的优化问题举例(4)开发性题型考查导数的思想方法。本文研究结论主要有两大方面,一方面分析得到导致导数的理解障碍的因素包括数学学科特点及导数本身的抽象性、高中生认识思维水平发展特点、教学设计的合理性及评价模式。另一方面是导数的理解障碍的策略研究包括对现行中学教材分析、导数概念及符号、导数的应用、导数内容中关于德育的教育、积极开展研究性活动。本文研究能为高中导数教学提供一些参考及借鉴经验,帮助学生在了解障碍及克服、突破的理解好导数内容设计好教学案例,并通过研究性活动,提高学生动手能力和解决问题的能力,并通过活动总结出一些有效的教学决策经验。主要创新之处包括四个方面:1、设计的问卷调查不是简单的堆砌,问卷有针对性地结合学生实际的问题与课标的要求设计了六方面的内容。2、测试卷的设计有很大的参考价值。从时间可以看出,测试问卷完全是对问卷调查认真分析后才设计的,具有很强的可信度;测试卷的分析从学生没有作答、部分作答、作答错误方面分析,深入了解学生答和不答的具体情况,为深入研究学生的理解障碍提供真实的素材;测试问卷的试题来源多样化,题目模式包括基础题、高考改编题、课本原题、开发性题,这对多元化评价学生提供很好的平台。3、本案例的研究重视研究性活动的开展,并对研究性活动的模式,评价的多样性提供了很好的案例指导。4、本文对高考中导数方面的考查,在数据方面做了较完整的整理,对考察的内容进行深入分析,并提出较好教学建议。
[Abstract]:Calculus as an elective course in senior high school has become the curriculum content of many countries. The Mathematics Curriculum Standard (experiment) of General Senior High School in China (hereinafter referred to as "Standard"). It emphasizes the essence of derivative concept in calculus teaching and emphasizes the cultivation of students' applied ability and thinking ability. Pay attention to the cultural value of infiltrating mathematics thought method education. This article carries on the questionnaire survey to the high school derivative teaching and learning present situation in combination with the new curriculum standard, according to the questionnaire survey result, from the student's question, designs the test questionnaire. Then from the interview investigation in-depth understanding of the situation, through the literature survey method to get the scientific theory support, the author determined that the subject of this study mainly includes: 1, to explore the students learning derivative understanding obstacles of the reasons .2. The theoretical and practical research on the problem of transforming derivative learning and understanding obstacle. 3. A case study and a research activity design on the obstacle of understanding the transformation derivative. The students' questionnaire survey mainly includes the following six aspects: 1) the habit and experience of personal learning derivative. (2). Understanding of personal Learning Derivatives in terms of knowledge and skills 3) the acquisition of personal Learning Derivatives in process and Methodology 4) personal Learning Derivatives' Cognition of emotional attitudes and values. Personal requirements for derivative Teaching 6) personal knowledge of derivative Mathematics and Culture. The main contents of the test questionnaire are as follows: 1) the basic test questions about the related concepts of derivative. The Application of the Test derivative in the function of the adapted Test Type of the College entrance examination; (3) the method of developing the derivative examination of the original question examination in the life of the original textbook. There are two main aspects in the conclusion of this paper. On the one hand, the author analyzes the factors that lead to the obstacle of understanding derivative, including the characteristics of mathematics subject and the abstraction of derivative itself, and the characteristics of the development of senior high school students' cognitive thinking level. On the other hand, it includes the analysis of current middle school textbooks, the concept and symbol of derivative, the application of derivative, and the education of moral education in derivative content. Active research activities. This study can provide some reference and experience for senior high school derivative teaching, help students to understand obstacles and overcome, breakthrough understanding of derivative content design good teaching cases. And through research activities to improve the ability of students to do and solve problems, and through the activities to sum up some effective experience in teaching decision-making. The main innovations include four aspects: 1. The designed questionnaire is not simply stacked, the questionnaire is targeted to combine the actual problems of students and the requirements of the curriculum design of six aspects of the content of .2. The design of test paper is of great reference value. From the time, we can see that the test questionnaire is completely designed after careful analysis of the questionnaire, which has strong credibility; Analysis of the test paper from the students did not answer, part of the answer, answer error analysis, in-depth understanding of the students answer and not to answer the specific situation, for in-depth study of students understanding obstacles to provide real material; The source of the test questions of the questionnaire is diverse, the topic model includes the basic questions, the adaptation questions of the college entrance examination, the original questions of textbooks, and the developmental questions, which provides a good platform for the diversified evaluation of students. 3. This case study attaches importance to the development of research activities, and provides a good case guidance for the model of research activities and the diversity of evaluation. 4. This paper examines the derivative of college entrance examination. In the aspect of data, the author makes a thorough analysis of the contents of the investigation, and puts forward some better teaching suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.6

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