建国后中学历史教材中的李鸿章书写

发布时间：2018-01-19 15:29

本文关键词： 李鸿章中学历史教材书写形象　出处：《南京师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：新中国成立以后我国的中学教育得到了迅猛的发展。人民教育出版社出版的中学历史教材代表了国内历史教材的最高水平,为中学历史教学发挥了重要作用。这一系列的教材经由人民教育出版社出版,在全国中学中广泛使用,是具有代表性的中学历史课本。其经过50多年的发展,不断的经受着时间的考验,为新中国的中学历史教育做出了巨大的贡献。但直至今日,对于一些近代历史上关键人物的描写,中学历史教材中仍然存在着一些问题。比如说在刻画某一人物形象时带有某种偏见,仍然将人物简单得置于国家、阶级、民族等集体性的话语之下,利用含感情色彩的词语进行评价,显得空洞死板又违背了历史学实事求是的大原则。李鸿章在教科书中的书写就是一个很好的例子。笔者通过对建国后各个时期人教版中学历史教材的梳理,发现建国以后中学教材对李鸿章的书写随时代的变迁有一个逐渐变化的过程。大体上经历了一个由否定到全面打倒再到部分肯定(但仍以批判口吻进行刻画)的过程。梳理建国后大陆史学界对李鸿章的研究,史学界对李鸿章的评价也经历了从建国初期的价值重建、批倒批臭再到改革开放以后的初步繁荣、重新评价。通过以上二者之间的对比,不难发现中学教材中对李鸿章的描写很明显受到建国以后史学界对李鸿章评价的影响。同时,史学界对李鸿章的研究,又会不可避免得打上当时国内政治形势的烙印。可以说,中学教材对李鸿章的书写,与史学研究前沿的发展以及国内政治形势都有非常密切的联系。另外,中学历史教材固然是以其稳定、普及性为主,但仍然要不断得吸收史学研究前沿的最新成果才能保持生命力。就单从中学教材对李鸿章这一人物的刻画来看,仍显示出了内容上明显的滞后性,且有失客观、公允。到目前为止,海内外对李鸿章的正面研究已经有了非常多的成果,但是对建国以来中学教材中李鸿章的描写进行对比与分析的,不是很多。这也是从侧面对李鸿章这一重要历史人物进行了一点点研究。同时,中学教材这一类史料相对容易掌握与理解,这成为研究这一问题的很好条件。更重要的是借此机会,我们一方面可以更加深刻的理解中学历史教材与史学研究以及国内政治形势之间的复杂关系,并对今后中学历史教材在书写类似的重要历史人物时给一点意见。
[Abstract]:After the founding of New China, the middle school education in our country has developed rapidly. The history textbook published by the people's Education Publishing House represents the highest level of the domestic history teaching material. This series of textbooks, published by the people's Education Publishing House, are widely used in middle schools throughout the country. They are representative history textbooks in middle schools. They have been developed for more than 50 years. Constantly withstood the test of time, for the New China's history of secondary education made a great contribution. But to this day, for some of the modern history of key figures described. There are still some problems in middle school history textbooks. For example, in portraying a certain character image with a certain prejudice, still put the characters simply under the state, class, nationality and other collective discourse. Use words with emotional color to evaluate. Li Hongzhang's writing in the textbook is a good example. The author combs the history teaching materials of the people's Education edition in each period after the founding of the people's Republic of China. It was found that after the founding of the people's Republic of China, the middle school textbooks had a gradual change in Li Hongzhang's writing with the change of the times. On the whole, it experienced a process from negation to total downfall to partial affirmation (but still characterized by critical tone). Combing the study of Li Hongzhang by the mainland historians after the founding of the people's Republic of China. The evaluation of Li Hongzhang experienced from the reconstruction of value in the early period of the founding of the people's Republic of China to the initial prosperity after the reform and opening up. Through the comparison between the above two. It is not difficult to find that the description of Li Hongzhang in the middle school textbooks is obviously influenced by the evaluation of Li Hongzhang by the historians after the founding of the people's Republic of China. It will inevitably be branded by the domestic political situation at that time. It can be said that the writing of Li Hongzhang in the middle school textbooks is closely related to the development of the frontier of historical research and the domestic political situation. Middle school history textbooks are based on their stability and popularity, but they still need to absorb the latest achievements of historical research to maintain their vitality. Only from the depiction of Li Hongzhang in the middle school textbooks. It still shows obvious lag in content, and it is not objective and fair. So far, there have been a lot of positive research on Li Hongzhang at home and abroad. But the description of Li Hongzhang in the middle school textbooks since the founding of the people's Republic of China is not much. This is also from the side of this important historical figure for a little research. At the same time. This kind of historical materials of middle school is relatively easy to grasp and understand, which is a good condition to study this problem. More importantly, it is an opportunity to take this opportunity. On the one hand, we can deeply understand the complex relationship between the history textbook of middle school, the study of history and the domestic political situation, and give some opinions on the writing of similar important historical figures in the history textbook of middle school in the future.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.51

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