中学化学反应中能量转化的表征研究

发布时间：2018-02-04 04:20

  本文关键词： 中学生 学习进程 三重表征 化学反应与能量　出处：《扬州大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：化学学习中的三重表征(threefold representation)主要是指宏观可感触的宏观表征：化学符号(元素符号、化学式、化学方程式、图示等)来表示物质及其变化规律的符号表征、摸不着的、不可见的知识、概念或者信息在大脑中记载和呈现的微观表征：学习进程(learning progressions)主要是指在一个适当的时间跨度下,人们对某一知识或事物的思维逐渐变得更加复杂和精致地过程。学生的学习进程和三重表征是学生在中学学习化学时的重要表现,资料显示目前国内对学习进程和三重表征的研究还比较少,在中学化学方面的研究更是不成体系,国内还未曾有人将学习进程和三重表征理论相结合来进行研究。为此,笔者立足于化学反应与能量作为切口,对学习进程和三重表征理论进行了深度的剖析和延伸,同时兼顾过去的研究结果与现阶段学生的实际表现形式,本论文的整个研究过程中采取了概念解释、文献分析、知识体系图、问卷测试等多种方法进行深入探查。笔者首先分别对国内外学习进程和三重表征的相关文献行探查以理清学习进程和三重表征的意涵、特征与研究方法：其次根据所讨论出的学习进程和三重表征的研究方法设计出了“化学反应中的能量转化”相关知识概念的学习进程水平架构,在大量理论研究的基础上,编制了初三、高一、高二三个年级的“化学反应与能量”的测试问卷,笔者在做问卷之前我们有一个基本假设：随着学生学习进程水平的提高,学生的表征水平也会随之提高：然后通过IBM spss statistics19软件对调查测试卷的结果进行了信度、可靠性、相关性、差异性等的数据统计和分析；最后结合测试卷结果的反馈提出了相关教学的意见,从而期望能够提高中学生的三重表征的能力,并为广大教师和学者作为学习和研究的参考。本研究通过对初中化学课程标准、高中课程标准和初中化学教材、高中化学教材并结合中高考试题的分析,并以建构主义学习理论、认知发展理论和信息加工理论为指导,通过测试卷探查了初高中学生不同时期的进程水平、表征水平以及进程水平与表征水平之间的关系,并且探查了不同时期的学生水平差异的原因,本文研究结果表明：(1)学生的表征水平会随着学生学习进程水平的提高而提高。通过研究发现初三、高一、高二学生的学习进程水平是逐渐递增的,三重表征水平也是逐渐递增的,即学习进程水平和三重表征水平是呈现正相关的。(2)初三学生的学习进程水平和表征水平具有很大的提升潜力。较低的学习进程水平和三重表征水平都将为以后能够更加深入地学习化学反应中能量的知识打下良好的基石。(3)学习进程水平低的学生微观表征很低甚至是没有,所以初三学生在化学反应中能量相关知识的学习中只停留在宏观层次上,感知化学变化中一些温度的变化,发光放热的现象。(4)不同时期学生的宏观表征水平相差不是很大。通过差异性统计发现表征水平1和表征水平1三个年级都不存在差异性,相差不是很大,在宏观表征方面,高年级的学生要比低年级的学生考虑得更加全面和仔细,而低年级的学生大多考虑的比较统一和显浅。(5)不同时期的学习进程水平和表征水平学生的学习兴趣、认知方式、教材的编排、教师的教学策略和学生平时的习题有很大的关系,调查发现学生的表征水平和进程水平在性别上不存在统计意义上的显著差异。通过对三个年级学生测试卷的结果进行分析,并且利用spss(19.0)进行相关变量的统计,得出了不同时期学生学习进程水平和表征水平的相关规律和结论,并在总结结论的过程中引发出一系列的思考,最终对我们教师教学产生了一系列的启迪。
[Abstract]:Three representations in chemistry learning (threefold representation) mainly refers to the macro characterization of macroscopic feelings: (chemical symbol symbols, chemical formula, chemical equations, diagrams) to represent symbolic representation materials and its change rule, touched, invisible knowledge, concept or the information recorded and presented in the brain the microstructure characterization: learning process (learning progressions) mainly refers to a proper time span, people thinking of a knowledge or things gradually become more complex and delicate process. Students' learning process and the three representation is an important performance of students in middle school chemistry, information shows the current the domestic research on learning process and characterization of three is still relatively small, the study in middle school chemistry is not a system, there is no domestic people will combine the learning process and Three Representation Theory Study. Therefore, the author based on the chemical reaction and energy as the incision, to the learning process and the Three Representations Theory of the extension and depth of the analysis, taking into account the actual form of research results in the past and present students, explain the concept, take the research process of this paper in the literature analysis, knowledge map the questionnaire, testing and other methods to conduct in-depth exploration. The author firstly at home and abroad on the learning process and the three representations of related literature exploration to clarify the learning process and the three representations of the meaning, characteristics and research methods: according to the research methods to discuss the learning process and the characterization of the three designed "the learning process the level of structure transformation in chemical reaction energy related knowledge, based on a lot of theoretical research on the preparation of high grade, a chemical reaction, three senior grade" With the questionnaire, the author in the "energy before we do the questionnaire there is a basic assumption: with the improvement of students' learning process level, representation level students will also improve: and then roll to survey by IBM SPSS statistics19 software the results of reliability, reliability, correlation and difference statistics and the analysis; finally test results of the feedback volume puts forward relevant teaching views, thus expected capacity of three representations can improve middle school students', and for the majority of teachers and scholars as a learning and research reference. This research through to the junior middle school chemistry curriculum standard, curriculum standard of high school and junior high school chemistry teaching, high school chemistry textbook and combined with the analysis of the college entrance examination, and the constructivist learning theory, cognitive development theory and information processing theory, through the test of initial exploration of high school students of different During the process, the relationship between level of representation and process level and the level of representation, and explored the reasons between the level of students in different periods, the results of this study indicate that: (1) characterize the level of students will improve with the improvement of students' learning process level. Through the study found that a high grade, high school students' learning. The process level is gradually increasing, the three level of representation is gradually increasing, the learning process level and the three level of representation is positively correlated. (2) the learning process level and representation level of middle school students has great potential to improve the lower learning process level and representation level will be three the future will be more in-depth study of energy in chemical reaction knowledge to lay a good foundation. (3) the students' learning process low level micro characterization is very low or even no, so junior students in Chemistry Study of energy related knowledge in response to only stop at the macro level, changes in temperature sensing chemical changes in luminescence exothermic phenomenon. (4) the macro level of representation in different periods of students are not that great. Through the statistical characterization of level 1 and found 1 Characterization of water three grade there is no difference that difference is not great, in the macroscopic representation, students of higher grade than the low grade students have to consider a more comprehensive and careful, while low grade students mostly consider uniform and simple. (5) the learning process level and representation level of students in different periods of interest in learning, cognitive style, teaching materials the arrangement, have a great relationship teaching strategy for teachers and students' daily exercises, the survey found the level of students' level of representation and process there is no statistically significant difference in gender of students through three grade. 娴嬭瘯鍗风殑缁撴灉杩涜�屽垎鏋�,骞朵笖鍒╃敤spss(19.0)杩涜�岀浉鍏冲彉閲忕殑缁熻�，

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